Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

* 1809 – Hannibal Hamlin, American politician, 15th Vice President of the United States ( d. 1891 )

* 1809 – Alfred, Lord Tennyson, English poet ( d. 1892 )

In the Battle of Abensberg on 19 – 20 April 1809, Napoleon gained a significant victory over the Austrians under Archduke Louis of Austria and General Johann von Hiller.

* Battle of Eckmühl occurred 21 – 22 April 1809.

* 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: the Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France and driven over the Danube in Regensburg.

* 1809 – Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., American physician and writer ( d. 1894 )

* 1738 – William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, English statesman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( d. 1809 )

* 1809 – Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four day campaign that ended in a French victory.

* 1809 – An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition.

* 1809 – Quito, now the capital of Ecuador, declares independence from Spain.

* 1809 – John Kirk Townsend, American naturalist ( d. 1851 )

Albert Pike ( December 29, 1809 – April 2, 1891 ) was an attorney, Confederate officer, writer, and Freemason.

* 1809 – Battle of the Basque Roads Naval battle fought between France and the United Kingdom

* 1809 – Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the Battle of Eckmühl.

* 1809 – Napoleonic Wars: The War of the Fifth Coalition begins when Austria invades Bavaria.

Victorious Archduke Charles of Austria during the Battle of Aspern-Essling ( 21 – 22 May 1809 ).

His siblings included Sarah ( 1802 – 1859 ), Naphtali ( 1807 ), Ralph ( 1809 – 1898 ), and James ( 1813 – 1868 ).

* Jean-Baptiste Muard ( 1809 – 1854 )

* Boniface Wimmer ( 1809 – 1887 )

* Gongalegoda Banda ( 1809 – 1849 ), Sri Lankan rebellion leader

* Louis II ( 1810 ), also Grand Duke of Berg ( 1809 – 1813 )

The Overthrow of Apollo and the Pagan Gods, watercolour from William Blake's illustrations of On the Morning of Christ's Nativity ( 1809 )

The word autobiography was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English periodical the Monthly Review, when he suggested the word as a hybrid but condemned it as ' pedantic '; but its next recorded use was in its present sense by Robert Southey in 1809.

** William Erasmus Darwin ( 1839 – 1914 ), eldest son of Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 1882 )

* 1754 – William Cooper, American judge ( d. 1809 )

* 1884 – William Swainson, British attorney and Attorney General of New Zealand ( b. 1809 )

Edgar may have been named after a character in William Shakespeare's King Lear, a play the couple was performing in 1809.

* 1809 – William Sprague, American minister and politician from Michigan ( d. 1868 )

President James Madison appointed Adams as the first ever United States Minister to Russia in 1809 ( though Francis Dana and William Short had previously been nominated to the post, neither presented his credentials at Saint Petersburg ).

In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston wrongly concluded that tantalum and columbium were identical.

In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston compared the oxides derived from both columbium — columbite, with a density 5. 918 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup >, and tantalum — tantalite, with a density over 8 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup >, and concluded that the two oxides, despite the significant difference in density, were identical ; thus he kept the name tantalum.

The term New Age was used as early as 1809 by William Blake who described a coming era of spiritual and artistic advancement in his preface to Milton a Poem by stating: "... when the New Age is at leisure to pronounce, all will be set right ..."

The Bible Christian Church was a Christian vegetarian sect founded by William Cowherd in 1809.

In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston compared the oxides derived from both columbium — columbite, with a density 5. 918 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup >, and tantalum — tantalite, with a density 7. 935 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup >, and concluded that the two oxides, despite their difference in measured density, were identical.

William Ewart Gladstone ( 1809 – 1898 ) was the Liberal counterpart to Disraeli, serving as prime minister four times ( 1868 – 74, 1880 – 85, 1886, and 1892 – 94 ).

However, the Bible Christian Church founded by Reverend William Cowherd in 1809 followed a vegetarian diet.

* Meadley, G. W. Memoirs of William Paley, to which is Added an Appendix, London, 1809.

William Ewart Gladstone, FRS, FSS ( 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898 ) was a British Liberal statesman.

Born in 1809 in Liverpool, England, at 62 Rodney Street, William Ewart Gladstone was the fourth son of the merchant Sir John Gladstone from Leith ( now a suburb of Edinburgh ), and his second wife, Anne MacKenzie Robertson, from Dingwall, Ross-shire.

* Matthew, H. C. G. " Gladstone, William Ewart ( 1809 – 1898 )", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, ( 2004 ; online edition May 2006

* William Ewart Gladstone 1809 – 98 biography from the Liberal Democrat History Group

* September 19 – William Sprague, American minister and politician from Michigan ( b. 1809 )

* May 19 – William Ewart Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( b. 1809 )

* December 1 – William Swainson ( lawyer ), second, and last, Attorney-General ( New Zealand ) of the Crown Colony of New Zealand ( b. 1809 )