The use of the term was first attributed to Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard ( 1813 – 1855 ).

* 1813 – French Emperor Napoleon I defeats a larger force of Austrians, Russians, and Prussians at the Battle of Dresden.

* 1768 – Jean-Baptiste Bessières, French marshal ( d. 1813 )

In American history important spokesmen included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur ( 1735 – 1813 ), and John Taylor of Caroline ( 1753 – 1824 ) in the early national period.

For a time he took into his family the young student Antoine-Frédéric Ozanam ( 1813 – 1853 ), one of the founders of the Conference of Charity, later known as the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul.

Some early scientists such as Georg Ernst Stahl ( 1659-1734 ) and Francisque Bouillier ( 1813 – 1899 ) had supported a form of animism which life and mind, the directive principle in evolution and growth, holding that all cannot be traced back to chemical and mechanical processes, but that there is a directive force which guides energy without altering its amount.

* 1813 – Jules Grévy, French politician, 3rd President of the French Republic ( d. 1891 )

* 1813 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's Second Triumvirate.

* 1813 – Jean Stas, Belgian chemist ( d. 1891 )

* 1813 – At the final stage of the Peninsular War, British-Portuguese troops capture the town of Donostia ( now San Sebastián ), resulting in a rampage and eventual destruction of the town.

* 1813 – Battle of Kulm: French forces are defeated by an Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.

* 1813 – Creek War – Fort Mims massacre: Creek " Red Sticks " kill over 500 settlers ( including over 250 armed militia ) in Fort Mims, north of Mobile, Alabama.

* 1813 – Princess Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria ( d. 1862 )

* 1813 – James McCune Smith, African-American doctor and abolitionist ( d. 1865 )

* 1813 – Instituto Nacional, is founded by the Chilean patriot José Miguel Carrera.

* 1813 – War of 1812: United States troops capture the capital of Upper Canada in the Battle of York ( present day Toronto, Canada ).

* 1813 – Zebulon Pike, American frontiersman and explorer ( b. 1779 )

His siblings included Sarah ( 1802 – 1859 ), Naphtali ( 1807 ), Ralph ( 1809 – 1898 ), and James ( 1813 – 1868 ).

This was inaugurated by Montalembert, but its literary advocates were chiefly Dom Gueranger, a learned Benedictine monk, abbot of Solesmes, and Louis François Veuillot ( 1813 – 1883 ) of the Univers ; and it succeeded in suppressing them everywhere, the last diocese to surrender being Orleans in 1875.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

At Covent Garden in 1813, in light comedy and melodrama, he made his first decided success.

At the Battle of Leipzig in Saxony ( 16 – 19 October 1813 ), also called the " Battle of the Nations ", 191, 000 French fought more than 300, 000 Allies, and the defeated French had to retreat into France.

It later came to mean any substantial railway station building ( a different Russian word, stantsiya, is used for minor stations ). The word " voksal " ( воксал ) had been known in the Russian language with the meaning of " amusement park " long before the 1840s and may be found, e. g., in the poetry of Aleksandr Pushkin: ( To Natalie ( 1813 ): " At fêtes and in voksals, / I've been flitting like a gentle Zephyrus "

At the Battle of Vitoria ( 21 June 1813 ) an allied British, Portuguese, and Spanish army under General the Marquess of Wellington broke the French army under Joseph Bonaparte and Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan near Vitoria in Spain, leading to eventual victory in the Peninsular War.

At Reichenbach on the 22nd of May, 1813, a cannonball ricocheted off a tree-trunk, hit Duroc in the stomach, tore open his belly and spilled out his intestines in a gory mess over uniform, saddle and horse, which Napoleon witnessed.

At the end of 1813 he began writing what would later become his well-known poem Mador of the Moor.

At the unusually young age of 26, Randolph was elected to the Sixth and to the six succeeding US Congresses ( 1799 to 1813 ).

At the Battle of Nations in 1813, his force was pushed out at Liebertwolkwitz by Johann von Klenau's IV Corps ( Austrian ); on a counter attack, his troops took the village back.

At risk of being captured by the British during the War of 1812, Fort Astoria and all other Pacific Fur Company assets in the Oregon Country were sold to the Montreal-based North West Company in October 1813.

At the beginning of 1813, following the death of general Duroc, Caulaincourt took up the position of Grand Marshal of the Palace.

At first he was given his old post of military advisor but after a decade he was promoted to ambassador to China ( 1813 ).

At Vienna, where he afterwards studied law, he established a Czech periodical ; and in 1813 he made the acquaintance of Josef Dobrovský, an eminent philologist.

At long last came some consolation when Hastings was called to testify as an expert on Indian affairs in 1813.

At this time he knew hardly more than elementary Hebrew and not much more Greek ; in 1801 – 12 he prepared for the use of his students a Hebrew grammar which they copied day by day from his manuscript ; in 1813 he printed his Grammar, which appeared in an enlarged form, with a copious syntax and praxis, in 1821, and was republished in England by Dr Pusey in 1831.

At the start of the campaigning season of 1813, the main American forces on the border between the United States and Canada had been concentrated at Sacket's Harbor.

At the Battle of Lützen ( 1813 ) he greatly distinguished himself.

At the Heights of Echalar in August 1813 Wellington watched the regiment's attack against 6, 000 French in rugged positions in the mountains and described it as " The most gallant and the finest thing he had ever witnessed ".

At its peak, in 1813, the regular army contained over 250, 000 men.

At Lützen ( 1813 ), despite infantry and light artillery support, Allied cavalry charges failed to break green French troops.

At the Battle of Vitoria, on 21 June 1813, the French under the personal command of King Joseph were again defeated, and were subsequently forced as far back as the Pyrenees in early July.

At Naples the male soprano Giuseppe Aprile ( 1732 – 1813 ) ( also a teacher of Cimarosa ) offered him free tuition during a festival visit to Sicily in Spring 1780.

At the same time, since 1813 he became interested in archaeology and started to organize numerous excavations across the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

At the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813, he led a light cavalry division in Maj-Gen Honoré Reille's Army of Portugal.