The use of the term was first attributed to Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard ( 1813 – 1855 ).

* 1813 – French Emperor Napoleon I defeats a larger force of Austrians, Russians, and Prussians at the Battle of Dresden.

* 1768 – Jean-Baptiste Bessières, French marshal ( d. 1813 )

In American history important spokesmen included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur ( 1735 – 1813 ), and John Taylor of Caroline ( 1753 – 1824 ) in the early national period.

For a time he took into his family the young student Antoine-Frédéric Ozanam ( 1813 – 1853 ), one of the founders of the Conference of Charity, later known as the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul.

Some early scientists such as Georg Ernst Stahl ( 1659-1734 ) and Francisque Bouillier ( 1813 – 1899 ) had supported a form of animism which life and mind, the directive principle in evolution and growth, holding that all cannot be traced back to chemical and mechanical processes, but that there is a directive force which guides energy without altering its amount.

* 1813 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's Second Triumvirate.

* 1813 – Jean Stas, Belgian chemist ( d. 1891 )

* 1813 – At the Battle of Grossbeeren, the Prussians under Von Bülow repulse the French army.

* 1813 – At the final stage of the Peninsular War, British-Portuguese troops capture the town of Donostia ( now San Sebastián ), resulting in a rampage and eventual destruction of the town.

* 1813 – Battle of Kulm: French forces are defeated by an Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.

* 1813 – Creek War – Fort Mims massacre: Creek " Red Sticks " kill over 500 settlers ( including over 250 armed militia ) in Fort Mims, north of Mobile, Alabama.

* 1813 – Princess Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria ( d. 1862 )

* 1813 – James McCune Smith, African-American doctor and abolitionist ( d. 1865 )

* 1813 – Instituto Nacional, is founded by the Chilean patriot José Miguel Carrera.

* 1813 – War of 1812: United States troops capture the capital of Upper Canada in the Battle of York ( present day Toronto, Canada ).

* 1813 – Zebulon Pike, American frontiersman and explorer ( b. 1779 )

His siblings included Sarah ( 1802 – 1859 ), Naphtali ( 1807 ), Ralph ( 1809 – 1898 ), and James ( 1813 – 1868 ).

This was inaugurated by Montalembert, but its literary advocates were chiefly Dom Gueranger, a learned Benedictine monk, abbot of Solesmes, and Louis François Veuillot ( 1813 – 1883 ) of the Univers ; and it succeeded in suppressing them everywhere, the last diocese to surrender being Orleans in 1875.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

In 1804, a year after his sister's death, Jules was implicated in the conspiracy of Cadoudal and Pichegru to assassinate Bonaparte, and was imprisoned until 1813.

In Berlin he published his views of the chemical laws of nature in German and this was issued in French translation ( Paris, 1813 ) under the title Recherches Sur l'identite Des Forces chimiques et electriques, a work held in very high esteem by the new generation of research chemists.

The war between the British and the First French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte stretched around the world and at its peak, in 1813, the regular army contained over 250, 000 men.

* 1763 – Jean Victor Marie Moreau, French general ( d. 1813 )

In addition, from 1813 on, recipes for what can be described as French fries occur in popular American cookbooks.

* 1739 – Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, French architect ( d. 1813 )

The Confederation of the Rhine, a confederation of client states of the First French Empire, existed from 1806 to 1813.

After the Battle of Leipzig and subsequent collapse of the French Empire in 1813, the Netherlands was restored as a " sovereign principality " with the House of Orange providing a monarch.

The French were decisively defeated at the Battle of Vitoria in 1813, and the following year, Ferdinand VII was restored as King of Spain.

The Duchy's military forces, led by Józef Poniatowski, participated in numerous campaigns, including the Polish – Austrian War of 1809, the French invasion of Russia in 1812, and the German campaign of 1813.

On the Spanish front the French troops were defeated at Vitoria ( June 1813 ) and then at the Battle of the Pyrenees ( July – August 1813 ).

* 1738 – Jacques Delille, French poet and translator ( d. 1813 )

* 1813 – Claude Bernard, French physiologist ( d. 1878 )

In 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars, the Prussians, under Field Marshal Blücher, defeated the French forces of MacDonald in the Battle of Katzbach nearby.

* 1813 – Napoleon Bonaparte leads his French troops into the Battle of Bautzen in Saxony, Germany, against the combined armies of Russia and Prussia.

* 1888 – Charles-Valentin Alkan, French composer ( b. 1813 )

* 1772 – Geraud Duroc, French general ( d. 1813 )

* 1771 – Jean-Andoche Junot, French general ( d. 1813 )

Between 1805 and 1813, the Slovene-settled territory was part of the Illyrian Provinces, an autonomous province of the Napoleonic French Empire, the capital of which was established at Ljubljana.

* 1726 – Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, English sailor and politician ( d. 1813 )

* July 27 – Montgomery Blair, American politician ( b. 1813 )

* August 10 – Edmund Randolph, American politician ( d. 1813 )

* March 16 – George Clymer, American politician and Founding Father ( d. 1813 )

* Sir John Anderson, 1st Baronet, of Mill Hill ( c. 1736 – 1813 ), British politician, MP for City of London, 1793 – 1806

* Nelson Dewey ( 1813 – 1889 ), American politician

* Stephen A. Douglas ( 1813 – 1861 ), American politician

( 6 September 1813 – 5 May 1879 ), was an Irish barrister, politician, Member of Parliament ( M. P.

Robert R ( obert ) Livingston ( November 27, 1746 – February 26, 1813 ) was an American lawyer, politician, diplomat from New York, and a Founding Father of the United States.

* John J. Thomas ( 1813 – 1895 ), Confederate politician

Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto PC ( 23 April 1751 – 21 June 1814 ), known as Sir Gilbert Elliott between 1777 and 1797 and as The Lord Minto between 1797 and 1813, was a Scottish politician diplomat.

* John Reed, Jr. ( 1781 – 1860 ), American politician from Massachusetts, son of John Reed, Sr. ( below ), entered Congress in 1813

George Clymer ( March 16, 1739 – January 24, 1813 ) was an American politician and founding father.

Montgomery Blair ( May 10, 1813 – July 27, 1883 ), the son of Francis Preston Blair, elder brother of Francis Preston Blair, Jr. and cousin of B. Gratz Brown, was a politician and lawyer from Maryland.

* Edward Harris ( North Carolina ) ( 1763 – 1813 ), lawyer, politician, and judge

Theodore Sedgwick ( May 9, 1746January 24, 1813 ) was an attorney, politician and jurist, who served in elected state government and as a Delegate to the Continental Congress, a US Representative, and a United States Senator from Massachusetts.

* William P. Angel ( 1813 – 1869 ), New York politician

* Charles Austin Tweed ( 1813 – 1887 ), American politician and jurist

* May 13-François Bourassa, farmer and politician ( b. 1813 )

Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto GCB, PC ( 16 November 1782 – 31 July 1859 ), styled as Viscount Melgund between 1813 and 1814, was a British diplomat and Whig politician.

Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos KG, PC ( 20 March 1776 – 17 January 1839 ), styled Earl Temple from 1784 to 1813 and known as The Marquess of Buckingham from 1813 to 1822, was a British landowner and politician.

He was a noted diplomat, politician and colonial administrator and served as Governor-General of India from 1807 to 1813.

Notable family members are businessman John Murray Forbes ( 1813 – 1898 ), part of the first generation who accumulated wealth, and politician John Forbes Kerry ( born 1943 ).