The use of the term was first attributed to Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard ( 1813 – 1855 ).

* 1799 – Henri Druey, Swiss Federal Councilor ( d. 1855 )

* 1777 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician ( d. 1855 )

* 1797 – Charles Robert Malden, English naval officer ( d. 1855 )

After 1890 came philosopher Josiah Royce ( 1855 – 1916 ), botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey ( 1858 – 1954 ), the Southern Agrarians of the 1920s and 1930s, novelist John Steinbeck ( 1902 – 1968 ), historian A. Whitney Griswold ( 1906 – 1963 ), environmentalist Aldo Leopold ( 1887 – 1948 ), Ralph Borsodi ( 1886 – 1977 ), and present-day authors Wendell Berry ( b. 1934 ), Gene Logsdon ( b. 1932 ), Paul Thompson, and Allan C. Carlson ( b. 1949 ).

* 1855 – The first ascent of Monte Rosa, the second highest summit in the Alps.

* 1855 – Joe Hunter, English cricketer ( d. 1891 )

* 1914 – Hubert Bland, English socialist, co-founder of the Fabian Society ( b. 1855 )

Four more children followed: Charlotte, ( 1816 – 1855 ), Patrick Branwell ( 1817 – 1848 ), Emily, ( 1818 – 1848 ) and Anne ( 1820 – 1849 ).

* 1855 – John Hodges, Australian cricketer ( d. 1933 )

* 1855 – Visit of Napoleon III to Guildhall, London

* 1816 – Charlotte Brontë, English author ( d. 1855 )

The Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister 1855 – 58, 1859 – 65

* Fernand Cabrol ( 1855 – 1937 )

The English Biblical scholar Robert Henry Charles ( 1855 – 1931 ) reasoned on internal textual grounds that the book was edited by someone who spoke no Hebrew and who wished to promote a different theology from John's.

Charles Robert Malden ( 9 August 1797 – 23 May 1855 ), was a nineteenth century British naval officer, surveyor and educator.

* 1855 – Paul Bruchési, archbishop of Montreal ( d. 1939 )

* 1855 – Paul Wiesner, German sailor ( d. 1930 )

Six crowned representatives of the Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov line include: Paul ( 1796 – 1801 ), Alexander I ( 1801 – 1825 ), Nicholas I ( 1825 – 55 ), Alexander II ( 1855 – 81 ), Alexander III ( 1881 – 94 ), and Nicholas II ( 1894 – 1917 ).

To the 179 letters published by Jacques Paul Migne, J. Sakkelion added another 47 letters he published from a manuscript he found at the Monastery of Patmos in 1855.

The Latin text was printed for the first time in Basel in 1549 by Nicholas Brylinger ; it was also published in the Gesta Dei per Francos by Jacques Bongars in 1611 and the Recueil des historiens des croisades ( RHC ) by Auguste-Arthur Beugnot and Auguste Le Prévost in 1844, and Bongars ' text was reprinted in the Patrologia Latina by Jacques Paul Migne in 1855.

Paul Klee was born as the second child of the German music teacher Hans Wilhelm Klee ( 1849 – 1940 ) and the Swiss singer Ida Marie Klee, née Frick ( 1855 – 1921 ).

In 1855, J. J. Brackett, a Saint Paul lumber baron and mail carrier using the road, decided to plat a site halfway between St. Paul and St. Peter on a lake he named Prairie Lake.

In 1855 a group of St. Paul businessmen interested in promoting the town formed the Saint Peter Company, and the town was renamed St. Peter.

Approximately one mile north of the current location, there once stood a prosperous small village named Paulville, also known as Paultown, which was established around 1855 by a man named Walker Paul.

In 1855 a Methodist Episcopal Church was organized, called St. Paul.

Most famous Belgian authors are: Guido Gezelle ( 1830 – 1899 ), Emile Verhaeren ( 1855 – 1916 ), Max Elskamp ( 1862 – 1931 ), Maurice Maeterlinck ( 1862 – 1949 ), Paul van Ostaijen ( 1896 – 1926 ), Henri Michaux ( French born and educated in Belgium, 1899 – 1984 ) and Jacques Brel ( 1929 – 1978 ) and prose writers: Hendrik Conscience ( 1812 – 1883 ), Charles de Coster ( 1827 – 1879 ), Willem Elsschot ( 1882 – 1960 ), Michel de Ghelderode ( 1898 – 1962 ), Georges Simenon 1903-1989, Louis Paul Boon ( 1912 – 1979 ), Hugo Claus ( 1929 – 2008 ), Pierre Mertens ( born in 1939 ) Ernest Claes ( 1885 – 1968 ), and, Amélie Nothomb ( born in 1967 ).

Thus writings by Antonio Rosmini-Serbati were placed on the Index in 1849 but were removed by 1855, and Pope John Paul II mentioned Rosmini's work as a significant example of " a process of philosophical enquiry which was enriched by engaging the data of faith ".

* Paul Letarouilly ( 1795 – 1855 )

Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (; 13 February 1855, Schaerbeek – 28 April 1922 ) was a French statesman.

Among other productions are Napoleon Awakening to Immortality ( Musée d ' Orsay, Paris ), the statue of the mathematician Gaspard Monge ( 1848 ), Jeanne d ' Arc, in the gardens of the Luxembourg ( 1852 ), a Calvary in bronze for the high altar of St Vincent de Paul ( 1855 ), as well as Hebe and the Eagle of Jupiter ( Musée des Beaux Arts, Dijon ), Love Triumphant and Christ on the Cross, all of which appeared at the Paris Salon of 1857 after his death.

But he never ceased to exercise an independent judgment, and his work on St Paul, which appeared in 1855, was the result of much original reflection and inquiry.

* Paul Deschanel, French statesman and President of France ( 1855 – 1922 )

In 1855, he became the mayor of St. Paul, Minnesota.

* Paul Émile Appel ( 1855 – 1930 ), French mathematician

The specimen somehow made its way to the French scientist Paul Gervais, who described it as a new species in 1855.

As a result of his expedition, Stevens wrote a third book, Report of Explorations for a Route for the Pacific Railroad near the 47th and 49th Parallels of North Latitude, from St. Paul, Minnesota, to Puget Sound, ( commissioned and published by the United States Congress ) ( 2 vols., Washington, 1855 – 60 ).

In 1855 ferro-cement boat construction was patented by the French.

Similar treaties were subsequently negotiated by the United Kingdom ( Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty, October 1854 ), the Russians ( Treaty of Shimoda, 7 February 1855 ), and the French ( Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan, 9 October 1858 ).

* 1855 – Jacques Charles François Sturm, French mathematician ( b. 1803 )

Other somewhat less often performed include Les vêpres siciliennes ( 1855 ) and Don Carlos ( 1867 ), both commissioned by the Paris Opera and initially given in French.

* 1780 – Henri Braconnot, French chemist and pharmacist ( d. 1855 )

Her first exposure to French artists Ingres, Delacroix, Corot, and Courbet was likely at the Paris World ’ s Fair of 1855.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

The Renaissance was first defined by French historian Jules Michelet ( 1798 – 1874 ), in his 1855 work, Histoire de France.

Since at least as far back as 1855, one of its French names has been panda éclatant ( shining panda ).

* January 2 – Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist ( b. 1855 )

* April 24 – Caroline Rémy, French feminist ( b. 1855 )

* May 22 – Gérard de Nerval, French writer ( d. 1855 )

* May 29 – Henri Braconnot, French chemist and pharmacist ( d. 1855 )

Kamil and his army marched towards Hebron in July 1855, with representatives from the English, French and other Western consulates as witnesses.

His fear lest Russia should demand a stretch of coast along the Varanger Fjord induced him to remain neutral during the Crimean War, and, subsequently, to conclude an alliance with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Second French Empire ( 25 November 1855 ) for preserving the territorial integrity of Sweden-Norway.

World class writers in French include the great romantic and symbolist poet Maurice Maeterlinck ( 1862 – 1949, Nobel Prize 1911 ), dramatists Michel de Ghelderode ( 1898 – 1962 ) and Henri Michaux ( 1899 – 1984 ), and the poet and playwright Émile Verhaeren ( 1855 – 1916 ), one of the founders of symbolism.

Another report from French naturalist Frances de Castelnau in 1855 relates an allegation by local Araguay fisherman, saying that it is dangerous to urinate in the river as the fish " springs out of the water and penetrates into the urethra by ascending the length of the liquid column.

But he had misgivings about the new provisional government, headed by Dupont de l ' Eure ( 1767 – 1855 ), who, since the French Revolution in 1789, had been a longstanding politician, although often in the opposition.

The city is cut in two by a canal, the lagoon of Cotonou, dug by the French in 1855.

The Battle of Malakoff | final French assault brought about the Siege of Sevastopol ( 1854 – 1855 ) | capture of Sevastopol in September 1855, leading to the end of the Crimean War.