In 1857 – 58, Douglas broke with President James Buchanan, leading to a fight for control of the Democratic Party.

In 1857, the Austrian scholar Anton Boller suggested adding Japanese to Altaic or more precisely to Ural – Altaic.

* 1770 – David Thompson, Canadian explorer ( d. 1857 )

* 1857 – Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist ( d. 1940 )

* 1857 – Manuel de Escandón, Mexican polo player ( d. 1940 )

* 1857 – Eugène Sue, French novelist ( b. 1804 )

* 1924 – Joseph Conrad, Polish-English writer ( b. 1857 )

* 1929 – Thorstein Veblen, American economist and sociologist ( b. 1857 )

* 1857 – Cécile Chaminade, French pianist and composer ( d. 1944 )

* 1857 – Max Wagenknecht, German composer ( d. 1922 )

* 1857 – Albert Ballin, German businessman ( d. 1918 )

* 1789 – Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematician ( d. 1857 )

* Alexander of Bulgaria ( 1857 – 1893 ), first prince of Bulgaria

* Alexander of Bulgaria ( 1857 – 1893 ), Prince of Bulgaria

* 1857 – The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.

Alfonso XII ( born Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo ) ( Madrid, 28 November 1857 – El Pardo, 25 November 1885 ) was King of Spain, reigning from 1874 to 1885, after a coup d ' état restored the monarchy and ended the ephemeral First Spanish Republic.

* Alfonso XII of Spain-( 1857 – 1885 ) ( ordinal numbering continues from the kings of Castile )

* 1857 – Sandford Schultz, English cricketer ( d. 1937 )

* 1857 – " The Spirits Book " by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.

* 1857 – Clarence Darrow, American attorney ( d. 1938 )

* 1857 – Alexander Shirvanzade, Armenian playwright and novelist ( d. 1935 )

* 1857 – Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom ( d. 1944 )

* 1936 – Karl Pearson, English mathematician ( b. 1857 )

* 1776 – Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh ( d. 1857 )

* DeCormenin, Louis Marie ; Gihon, James L., A Complete History of the Popes of Rome, from Saint Peter, the First Bishop to Pius the Ninth ( 1857 )

* DeCormenin, Louis Marie ; Gihon, James L., A Complete History of the Popes of Rome, from Saint Peter, the First Bishop to Pius the Ninth ( 1857 )

* DeCormenin, Louis Marie ; Gihon, James L., A Complete History of the Popes of Rome, from Saint Peter, the First Bishop to Pius the Ninth ( 1857 )

* DeCormenin, Louis Marie ; Gihon, James L., A Complete History of the Popes of Rome, from Saint Peter, the First Bishop to Pius the Ninth ( 1857 )

In 1857, French microbiologist Louis Pasteur proved in the paper " Mémoire sur la fermentation alcoolique " that alcoholic fermentation was conducted by living yeasts and not by a chemical catalyst.

* August 21 – Augustin Louis Cauchy, French mathematician ( d. 1857 )

* DeCormenin, Louis Marie ; Gihon, James L., A Complete History of the Popes of Rome, from Saint Peter, the First Bishop to Pius the Ninth ( 1857 )

After the completion of The Source, Ingres produced paintings of historical genre, such as two versions of Louis XIV and Molière, ( 1857 and 1860 ), as well as several religious works in which the figure of the Virgin from The Vow of Louis XIII is reprised: The Virgin of the Adoption of 1858 ( painted for Mademoiselle Roland-Gosselin ) was followed by The Virgin Crowned ( painted for Madame la Baronne de Larinthie ) and The Virgin with Child.

In the 19th century, calculus was put on a much more rigorous footing by mathematicians such as Augustin Louis Cauchy ( 1789 – 1857 ), Bernhard Riemann ( 1826 – 1866 ), and Karl Weierstrass ( 1815 – 1897 ).

Edouard Louis Dubufe, Portrait of Rosa Bonheur 1857, which shows the artist with a bull, symbolic of her work as a painter of animals, or Animalière.

* Louis Paulsen vs Paul Morphy, New York 1857, Four Knights Game: Spanish.

On May 23, 1857 St. Louis County took its current shape when Carlton County was formed from parts of St. Louis and Pine Counties.

By this time, the Blow family had relocated to Missouri and become opponents of slavery, granting the Scotts emancipation by Henry Taylor Blow on May 26, 1857, less than three months after the Supreme Court ruling. Scott went to work as a porter in St. Louis for nearly 17 months before he died from tuberculosis in September 1858.

In 1857, the east-west Ohio and Mississippi Railway ( later part of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ) was completed, as part of a link between Cincinnati and St. Louis.

French microbiologist Louis Pasteur explained the role of yeast in beer fermentation in 1857, allowing brewers to develop strains of yeast with desirable properties ( conversion efficiency, ability to handle higher alcohol content ).

Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay ( ; 11 December 1810 – 2 May 1857 ) was a French dramatist, poet, and novelist.

The publication in 1857 of a journal kept in Paris during the stormy times of 1848 ( A Year of Revolution ), brought him into violent controversy with Louis Blanc, and he came into conflict with Lord Palmerston and William Ewart Gladstone, after his retirement from the public service, on questions of French and Italian policy.

File: Louis Guymard. jpg | Louis Guéymard ( 1822 – 1880 ) as Robert le Diable, 1857, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Louis-Eugène Cavaignac (; 15 October 1802 – 28 October 1857 ), French general, second son of Jean-Baptiste Cavaignac and brother of Éléonore Louis Godefroi Cavaignac, was born at Paris.

In 1857, he rowed down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh to St. Louis ; and in 1858 down the Illinois River, then up the Mississippi and the Des Moines River to central Iowa.

Émile Cohl ( January 4, 1857, Paris – January 20, 1938 ), born Émile Eugène Jean Louis Courtet, was a French caricaturist of the largely forgotten Incoherent Movement, cartoonist, and animator, called " The Father of the Animated Cartoon " and " The Oldest Parisian ".