On May 9 – 10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur.

* 1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints — later renamed Community of Christ — is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois

* 1805 – Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – Annie Oakley, American target shooter ( d. 1926 )

* 1860 – The Second Maori War begins in New Zealand.

* 1860 – William Kennedy Dickson, France-Scottish actor, director, and inventor ( d. 1935 )

* 1860 – Alan Leo, English astrologer ( d. 1917 )

* 1860 – Henrietta Vinton Davis, American writer and public speaker ( d. 1941 )

* 1860 – Florence Harding, American publisher, 31st First Lady of the United States ( d. 1924 )

* 1860 – Jules Laforgue, French poet ( d. 1887 )

* 1860 – Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke, England cricketer ( d. 1938 )

* 1860 – Klara Hitler, Austrian mother of Adolf Hitler ( d. 1907 )

" The Transubstantiation of a Poor White ", in Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward the History of the Part Which Black People Have Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860 – 1880 ( 1935 ).

Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860 – 1869 ( 1934 ) online edition

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.

* 1860 – Isaac Levitan, Russian painter ( d. 1900 )

* 1860 – The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California.

* 1860 – Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim.

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

* 1860 – Ottó Bláthy, Hungarian engineer and inventor ( d. 1939 )

* 1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins.

* 1860 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian singer and composer ( d. 1936 )

Wolfe County was formed on March 5, 1860 from portions of Breathitt County, Morgan County, Owsley County and Powell County.

William Powell Frith's 1860 painting, titled Claude Duval, depicts a romanticised image of highway robbery.

William Powell Frith's 1860 painting, Claude Duval.

One particularly famous one — placed in more than one location and later published by William Pope — claims that he took only a part of his potential loot from a gentleman when his wife agreed to dance with him in the wayside, a scene immortalised by William Powell Frith in his 1860 painting Claude Du Val.

Apparently later trying to bolster his black identity, Powell, Jr. told stories of his paternal grandparents being born to slavery, but his paternal grandmother, Sally Dunning, was born as at least the third generation of free people of color ; in the 1860 census, she is listed as a free mulatto, along with her mother, grandmother, and siblings.

Sally never identified the father of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., born 1865, but appeared to have named him after her older brother Adam Dunning, listed on the 1860 census as the head of their household and a farmer.

Baden Powell, MA, FRS, FRGS ( 22 August 1796 – 11 June 1860 Kensington, London ) was an English mathematician and Church of England priest.

* Baden Fletcher Smyth Powell, ( 22 May 1860 – 3 October 1937 ).

The Manor House was built in 1860 by Thomas Powell, the largest coalmine owner in the South Wales coalfield, the world's biggest coal exporter and the first coal millionaire.

* 1784 – Peter Vivian Daniel, American jurist, Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – Will Keith Kellogg, American industrialist and food manufacturer, founder of the Kellogg's Company ( d. 1951 )

Lincoln was nominated in Chicago for the nation's presidency at the 1860 Republican National Convention and went on to defeat Douglas in the general election, setting the stage for the American Civil War.

* 1860 – Austin Norman Palmer, American penmanship innovator ( d. 1927 )

* 1961 – Grandma Moses, American painter ( b. 1860 )

* 1860 – Herman Hollerith, American statistician ( d. 1929 )

* 1778 – Rembrandt Peale, American artist ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – Basil Spalding de Garmendia, American tennis player ( d. 1932 )

* 1860 – Curtis Guild, Jr., American politician ( d. 1915 )

* Dare, Philip N. American Communes to 1860: A Bibliography.

* Fogarty, Robert S. All Things New: American Communes and Utopian Movements, 1860 – 1914.

* 1860 – William Corless Mills, American museum curator ( d. 1928 )

* 1860 – Dugald Campbell Patterson, American pioneer ( d. 1931 )

* 1942 – Henry Larkin, American baseball player ( b. 1860 )

* 1927 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer ( b. 1860 )

* 1860 – Robert Bacon, American politician ( d. 1919 )

* 1860 – Elias M. Ammons, American politician ( d. 1925 )

* 1860 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer ( d. 1927 )

* 1860 – Susanna M. Salter, American politician ( d. 1961 )

* 1896 – H. H. Holmes, American serial killer ( b. 1860 )

* 1925 – John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player ( b. 1860 )