Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

President Lincoln ( center right ) with, from left, Generals Sherman, Grant and Admiral Porter – 1868 painting of events aboard the River Queen ( steamboat ) | River Queen in March, 1865

The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861 – 1865.

* Weigley, Russell F. A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861 – 1865.

The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.

* 1865 – Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth.

* 1865 – Max Nettlau, German anarchist and historian ( d. 1944 )

* 1865 – James Henry Breasted, American archaeologist and historian ( d. 1935 )

* 1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American general and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1865 – Irving Babbitt, American critic and academic ( d. 1933 )

* 1865 – John Radecki, Australian artist ( d. 1955 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks –

* 1865 – Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano ( b. 1797 )

* 1803 – Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect, designed The Crystal Palace ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina.

* 1865 – Union cavalry troopers corner and shoot dead John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Lincoln, in Virginia.

* 1865 – Henry George Chauvel, Australian general ( d. 1945 )

This became poignantly true during the most serious test of American cohesion in the U. S. Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ).

* 1865 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician ( d. 1952 )

* 1865 – Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader ( d. 1926 )

* 1949 – Erich von Drygalski, German geographer, geophysicist, and polar scientist ( b. 1865 )

* December 20 – Erich Ludendorff, German general ( b. 1865 )

Erich Dagobert von Drygalski ( February 9, 1865 – January 10, 1949 ) was a German geographer, geophysicist and polar scientist, born in Königsberg, Province of Prussia.

Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff ( sometimes referred to as von Ludendorff ) ( 9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937 ) was a German general, victor of Liège and of the Battle of Tannenberg.

* Erich Dagobert von Drygalski ( 1865 – 1949 ), German geographer, born in Königsberg

* LUDDENDORF, Erich Friedrich Wilhelm ( 1865 – 1937 ) General, Nazi Party and National Socialist Freedom Movement politician and leader of the Tannenbergbund.

* Erich Ludendorff ( 1865 – 1937 ), a German Army officer

* 1 April 1815 – 1865: Junker Otto von Bismarck

Bismarck was created Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen (" Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen ") in 1865 ; this comital title is borne by all his descendants in the male line.

It was composed between 1857 and 1859 and premiered in Munich on 10 June 1865 with Hans von Bülow conducting.

Even then, the planned premiere on 15 May 1865 had to be postponed because the Isolde, Malvina Schnorr von Carolsfeld, had gone hoarse.

On 21 July 1865, having sung the role only four times, Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld died suddenly — prompting speculation that the exertion involved in singing the part of Tristan had killed him.

* Eduard Heinrich von Flottwell ( 1786 – 1865 ), politician

* 1865 — Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz realized that benzene is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hexagonal ring.

Blass is chiefly known for his works in connection with the study of Greek oratory: Die griechische Beredsamkeit von Alexander bis auf Augustus ( 1865 ); Die attische Beredsamkeit ( 1868 – 1880 ; 2nd ed., 1887 – 1898 ), his greatest work ; editions for the Teubner series of Andocides ( 1880 ), Antiphon ( 1881 ), Hypereides ( 1881, 1894 ), Demosthenes ( Dindorf's ed., 1885 ), Isocrates ( 1886 ), Dinarchus ( 1888 ), Demosthenes ( Rehdantz ed., 1893 ), Aeschines ( 1896 ), Lycurgus, Leocrates ( 1902 ); Die Rhythmen der attischen Kunstprosa ( 1901 ); Die Rhythmen der asianischen und römischen Kunstprosa ( 1905 ).

Many previous errors in former biographies were corrected and additional information supplied in Carl von Weber's Moritz Graf von Sachsen, Marschall von Frankreich, nach archivalischen Quellen Count of Saxony, Marshal of France, after archival sources ( Leipzig, 1863 ), in Saint-René Taillandier's Maurice de Saxe, étude historique d ' après les documents des archives de Dresde de Saxe, historical study according to the documents from the archives of Dresden ( 1865 ) and in C. F.

* Konrad Grallert von Cebrów ( 1865 – 1942 ), divisional commander in the Austro-Hungarian Army

By 1865 Jackson had resigned his commission and von Tempsky, now a major, was in command of the Forest Rangers.

In 1865 Acton married Countess Marie Anna Ludomilla Euphrosina von Arco auf Valley, daughter of the Bavarian Count Maximilian von Arco auf Valley, by whom he had six children:

* Hugo Ritter von Bosch ( 1782 – 1865 ), Bavarian Lieutenant General and Acting War Minister

Following orders from Grey to open a campaign against the West Coast tribes, Chute marched from Wanganui on 30 December 1865, with 33 Royal Artillery, 280 of the 14th Regiment, 45 Forest Rangers under Major Gustavus von Tempsky, 300 Wanganui Native Contingent and other Māori with a Transport Corps of 45 men, each driving a two-horse dray.

In the meantime, the Austrian musicologist Michael Lorenz has shown that Rudolf Schachner, who in 1851 inherited Therese von Droßdik's musical scores, was the illegitimate son of Babette Bredl ( who in 1865 let Nohl copy the autograph in her possession ).

** R. Reuss, Graf Ernst von Mansfeld im böhmischen Kriege ( Brunswick, 1865 )

From 1864 to 1865, Liebknecht also worked on the magazine " Der Social-Demokrat " (" the Social Democrat ") published by Jean Baptista von Schweitzer ; however, he soon found himself in disagreement with the paper's friendly position toward Prussia and its new Minister-President, Otto von Bismarck.