Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

President Lincoln ( center right ) with, from left, Generals Sherman, Grant and Admiral Porter – 1868 painting of events aboard the River Queen ( steamboat ) | River Queen in March, 1865

The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861 – 1865.

* Weigley, Russell F. A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861 – 1865.

The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.

* 1865 – Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth.

* 1865 – Max Nettlau, German anarchist and historian ( d. 1944 )

* 1865 – James Henry Breasted, American archaeologist and historian ( d. 1935 )

* 1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American general and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1865 – Irving Babbitt, American critic and academic ( d. 1933 )

* 1865 – John Radecki, Australian artist ( d. 1955 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks –

* 1865 – Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano ( b. 1797 )

* 1803 – Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect, designed The Crystal Palace ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina.

* 1865 – Union cavalry troopers corner and shoot dead John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Lincoln, in Virginia.

* 1865 – Henry George Chauvel, Australian general ( d. 1945 )

This became poignantly true during the most serious test of American cohesion in the U. S. Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ).

* 1865 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician ( d. 1952 )

* 1865 – Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader ( d. 1926 )

* January 18 – Rudyard Kipling, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1865 )

Rudyard Kipling ( 1865 – 1936 ) stayed as a child at Goldings Hill Farm.

Its main claim to fame is that for half of his life Rudyard Kipling ( 1865 – 1936 ) lived in the village at Bateman's.

The novelist Rudyard Kipling ( 1865 – 1936 ) also captured the imagination of many with The Jungle Book.

Rudyard Kipling ( 1865 – 1936 ) used this concept as a central metaphor in his short story " The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes " ( 1885 ).

* January 18-Rudyard Kipling, British writer ( born 1865 )-Nobel prize for literature ( 1907 )

Also in 1866, Lockwood Kipling, who had become a professor of the School in 1865, established three ateliers for ( i ) Decorative Paintings, ( ii ) Modelling ; and ( iii ) Ornamental Wrought Iron Work, and became its first Dean.

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

English and British statutes are part of Canadian law because of the Colonial Laws Validity Act, 1865, section 129 of the Constitution Act, 1867, and the Statute of Westminster 1931.

* 1787 – John Dobson, English architect ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – John Haden Badley, English school founder ( d. 1967 )

Isaac Baker Brown ( 1812 – 1873 ), an English gynaecologist who was president of the Medical Society of London in 1865, believed that the " unnatural irritation " of the clitoris caused epilepsy, hysteria, and mania, and would remove it " whenever he had the opportunity of doing so ," according to an obituary.

* 1805 – Robert FitzRoy, English navy officer and meteorologist ( d. 1865 )

* 1785 – William Jackson Hooker, English botanist ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – Elizabeth Gaskell, English novelist ( b. 1810 )

* 1793 – Charles Lock Eastlake, English painter ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – Charles Spencelayh, English painter ( d. 1958 )

* 1940 – Wilfred Grenfell, English medical missionary to Newfoundland and Labrador ( b. 1865 ).

* 22 August 1865, La Feuille d ' Aoste reported “ It is rumored that English technicians to whom Mr. Manzetti illustrated his method for transmitting spoken words on the telegraph wire intend to apply said invention in England on several private telegraph lines ".

In 1865, English archaeologist Frank Calvert excavated trial trenches in a field he had bought from a local farmer at Hisarlık, and in 1868, Heinrich Schliemann, wealthy German businessman and archaeologist, also began excavating in the area after a chance meeting with Calvert in Çanakkale.

* December 1 – George Lohmann, English cricketer ( born 1865 )

** Laurence Hope, English poetess ( b. 1865 )

* February 20 – Laurence Housman, English playwright and writer ( b. 1865 )

* October 10 – Hudson Stuck, English mountaineer ( b. 1865 )

* March 31 – Tinsley Lindley, English footballer ( b. 1865 )

* June 17 – Arthur Harden, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1865 )

* October 9 – Wilfred Grenfell, English medical missionary to Newfoundland and Labrador ( b. 1865 )

** John Haden Badley, English author ( b. 1865 )

* July 6 – William Jackson Hooker, English botanist ( d. 1865 )

These texts were followed by the 1844 work, A General View of Positivism ( published in English in 1865 ).