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* Antiochus I Soter, King of the Seleucid dynasty ( d. 261 BC )
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Antiochus and I
Gold stater of the Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter ( reigned 281 – 261 BCE ) showing on the reverse a nude Apollo holding his key attributes: two arrows and leaning on a bow.
Along with his sister Laodice VI, the youngster Alexander was " discovered " by Heracleides, a former minister of Antiochus IV and brother of Timarchus, an usurper in Media who had been executed by the reigning king Demetrius I Soter.
They were eventually defeated by the Seleucid king Antiochus I, in a battle where the Seleucid war elephants shocked the Celts.
He observes that " Mithras — moreover, a Mithras who was identified with the Greek Sun god Helios " was among the gods of the syncretic Graeco-Armenian-Iranian royal cult at Nemrut founded by Antiochus I of Commagene in the mid 1st century BC.
His son and successor, Antiochus I Soter, was left with an enormous realm consisting of nearly all of the Asian portions of the Empire, but faced with Antigonus II Gonatas in Macedonia and Ptolemy II Philadelphus in Egypt, he proved unable to pick up where his father had left off in conquering the European portions of Alexander's empire.
Antiochus I ( reigned 281 – 261 BC ) and his son and successor Antiochus II Theos ( reigned 261 – 246 BC ) were faced with challenges in the west, including repeated wars with Ptolemy II and a Celtic invasion of Asia Minor — distracting attention from holding the eastern portions of the Empire together.
Although initially unsuccessful in the Fourth Syrian War against Egypt, which led to a defeat at the Battle of Raphia ( 217 BC ), Antiochus would prove himself to be the greatest of the Seleucid rulers after Seleucus I himself.
Epiphanes ' young son, Antiochus V Eupator, was first overthrown by Seleucus IV's son, Demetrius I Soter in 161 BC.
A Comprehensive Catalogue, Part I, Seleucus I through Antiochus III, With Metrological Tables by B. Kritt, I-II, New York-Lancaster-London, 2002.
His successor was his son Antiochus I.
* 175 BC: Antiochus IV Epiphanes, took possession of the Syrian throne, at the murder of his brother Seleucus IV Philopator, which rightly belonged to his nephew Demetrius I Soter.
* 281 BC: Antiochus I Soter, on the assassination of his father Seleucus becomes emperor of the Seleucid empire
The Macedonians, especially Seleucus I and his son Antiochus I ), established the Seleucid Empire and founded great many Greek towns.
** Timarchus, Seleucid nobleman, possibly from Miletus in Anatolia, appointed governor of Media in western Iran by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and who has rebelled against his successor, Demetrius I Soter, until he is killed in a battle with Demetrius ' forces
* King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene builds his mountain-top tomb-sanctuary at Mount Nemrut.
The Ruin of Esagila Chronicle mentions that the Seleucid crown prince Antiochus I decided to finally rebuild it, sacrificed, stumbled and fell, and angrily ordered his elephant drivers to destroy the last remains.
* Philip I Philadelphus and Antiochus XI Ephiphanes succeed as co-rulers after the deposition of Seleucus VI Epiphanes.
* The pretender to the Seleucid throne, Alexander Balas, who claims to be the son of the late Antiochus IV, defeats the Seleucid king, Demetrius I Soter, in battle and kills him.
* Diodotus I, Seleucid satrap of Bactria, rebels against Antiochus II and becomes the founder of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom.
* Antiochus III advances into Bactria, which is ruled by the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus I, and again meets with success.
* Antiochus III's army crosses the Hellespont into Thrace, where he claims sovereignty over territory that has been won by Seleucus I in 281 BC.
* Cleopatra I Syra, daughter of Antiochus III and Laodice, marries the Egyptian King Ptolemy V Epiphanes.
Antiochus and Soter
He has been " discovered " by Heracleides, a former minister of Antiochus IV and brother of Timarchus, who has been executed by Demetrius I Soter in 160 BC after leading a revolt against him in Media.
* Timarchus, Seleucid nobleman, possibly from Miletus in Anatolia, appointed governor of Media in western Iran by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and who has rebelled against his successor, Demetrius I Soter, until he is killed in a battle with Demetrius ' forces
* King Attalus I Soter of Pergamum defeats Antiochus Hierax ( brother of the Seleucid king Seleucus II ) in three battles and thereby gains control over all the Seleucid domains in Anatolia except Cilicia in the southeast.
* Antiochus I Soter, king of the Seleucid Kingdom from 281 BC ( b. c. 323 BC )
* Antiochus I Soter ( died 261 BC ), king of the Seleucid Empire
* The first of the Syrian Wars starts between Egypt's Ptolemy II and Seleucid emperor Antiochus I Soter.
* The Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter is defeated by Egypt's Ptolemy II during the First Syrian War.
The Seleucid king Antiochus wins a major battle over the Gauls leading to his being given the title of Soter ( Greek for " saviour ").
Meanwhile, Nicomedes was threatened with an invasion from Antiochus I Soter, king of the Seleucid Empire, who had already made war upon his father, Zipoetes I, and, to strengthen himself against this danger, he concluded an alliance with Heraclea Pontica and shortly afterwards with Antigonus II Gonatas.
* Laodice ( d. 261 BC ), daughter of Antiochus I Soter and Stratonice of Syria
* Achaeus ( son of Seleucus I Nicator ), son of Seleucus I Nicator and brother of Antiochus I Soter
Demetrius II ( Greek: Δημήτριος Β ` died 125 BC ), called Nicator ( Greek: " Νικάτωρ ", i. e. " Victor "), was one of the sons of Demetrius I Soter, brother of Antiochus VII Sidetes and his mother could have been Laodice V. He ruled the Seleucid Empire for two periods, separated by a number of years of captivity in Hyrcania in Parthia.
The wife of Seleucus IV was his sister Laodice IV, by whom he had three children: two sons Antiochus, Demetrius I Soter and a daughter Laodice V.
Antiochus I Soter ( Greek: Αντίοχος Α ' Σωτήρ, i. e. Antiochus the Savior, unknown-261 BC ), was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.
In 278 BC the Gauls broke into Anatolia, and a victory that Antiochus won over these hordes is said to have been the origin of his title of Soter ( Gr. for " saviour ").
Antiochus and King
1 Maccabees, 1: 60 – 61 states that King Antiochus IV of Syria, the occupying power of Judea in 170 BCE, outlawed circumcision on penalty of death.
With the end of the Macedonian wars – which ran concurrently with the Punic Wars – and the defeat of the Seleucid King Antiochus III the Great in the Roman – Syrian War ( Treaty of Apamea, 188 BC ) in the eastern sea, Rome emerged as the dominant Mediterranean power and one of the most powerful cities in classical antiquity.
* Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – 17 AD
* Antiochus VII Sidetes, last King of a United Seleucid Empire
* Negotiations between the new Egyptian King Ptolemy IV and the Seleucid King Antiochus III collapse, and Antiochus III renews his advance, overrunning Ptolemy's forward defences.
* Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – 17 AD
* Battle of Ecbatana: The Seleucid King Antiochus VII Sidetes is defeated and killed by the Parthians under Phraates II, ending Seleucid control over Media or Mesopotamia.
* The King of the Parthians, Arsaces II, is attacked by the Seleucid king Antiochus III, who takes Hecatompylos ( southeast of the Caspian Sea ), the Arsacid capital and Syrinx in Hyrcania.
The Seleucids win the battle which allows Antiochus III to obtain entire possession of Palestine and Coele-Syria from King Ptolemy V of Egypt.
* Antiochus III gives his sister Antiochia in marriage to King Xerxes of Armenia, who acknowledges Antiochus III's suzerainty and pays him tribute.
* Artaxias I, King of Armenia, is taken captive by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes when he attacks Armenia.
* King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, believing Judea to be in revolt, returns to there after the failure of his Egyptian campaign and orders his soldiers to cut down without mercy those whom they meet and to slay those who have taken refuge in their houses.
* King Perseus asks the Seleucid King Antiochus IV to join forces with him against the danger that Rome presents to all of the Hellenic monarchs.
* King Seleucus IV of Syria arranges for the exchange of his brother Antiochus for Demetrius, the son of Seleucus VI, who has been a hostage in Rome following the Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC.
* Antiochus Hierax, brother of the Seleucid King Seleucus II manages to escape from captivity in Thrace and flees to the mountains to raise an army, but he is killed by a band of Galatians.
* The forces of the Macedonian King Antigonus II and the Seleucid King Antiochus II win a naval victory at Cos against their common enemy, Ptolemy II.
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