Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā ( Persian پور سينا Pur-e Sina " son of Sina "; c. 980 – 1037 ), commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived.

* Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries High resolution images of works by Avicenna in. jpg and. tiff format.

* The Canon of Medicine, a medical text written by Ibn Sina ( Avicenna )

During the middle ages Aristotle's theory of tabula rasa was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi, developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail.

Aristotle previously explained it in terms of vaporous exhalations, which Avicenna modified into the theory of petrifying fluids ( succus lapidificatus ), which was elaborated on by Albert of Saxony in the 14th century and accepted in some form by most naturalists by the 16th century.

A strong emphasis on experimentation and empiricism led to new results and new observations, which were contrasted and combined with those of Galen by writers such as Rhazes, Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi ( Haly Abbas ), Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi ( Abulasis ), Ibn Sina ( Avicenna ), Ibn Zuhr and Ibn al-Nafis.

The more extreme liberal movements began to challenge the role of authority in medicine, as exemplified by Paracelsus ' symbolically burning the works of Avicenna and Galen at his medical school in Basle.

Ibn Sina ( 980 – 1037 ), known by the Latin name Avicenna, was a medical researcher from Bukhara, Uzbekistan responsible for important contributions to the disciplines of physics, optics, philosophy and medicine.

The teleological argument was presented by the early Islamic philosophers, Alkindus and Averroes ( founder of Averroism ), while Avicenna ( founder of the Avicennism school of Islamic philosophy ) presented both the cosmological argument and ontological argument in The Book of Healing ( 1027 ).

The Persian physician Abū ‘ Alī al-Husayn ibn Sina (" Avicenna ") described opium as the most powerful of the stupefacients, by comparison with mandrake and other highly effective herbs, in The Canon of Medicine.

In Persia, works such as the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam and Epic of Kings by Ferdowsi provided evidence of political analysis, while the Middle Eastern Aristotelians such as Avicenna and later Maimonides and Averroes, continued Aristotle's tradition of analysis and empiricism, writing commentaries on Aristotle's works.

Among Islamic philosophers, Khomeini was mainly influenced by Avicenna and Mulla Sadra.

In the 11th century, the theory of tabula rasa was developed more clearly by the Persian philosopher, Ibn Sina ( known as " Avicenna " in the Western world ).

Avicenna, in his famous book The Canon of Medicine, mentioned several beneficial medicinal uses for vinegar, claiming that it was a powerful clotting agent, healed burns and skin inflammations, and it relieved headaches caused by heat.

* 1014 – 1020: The Book of Healing, a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia, is written by Avicenna, Persian scholar.

* 1020s: The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia, is written by Avicenna, Persian Muslim scholar.

* 1000 – 1037 – Hayy ibn Yaqdhan is written by Avicenna.

* 1025 – The Canon of Medicine by Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) is completed.

* 1027 – The Book of Healing is published by Avicenna.

* Other significant contributions to scientific and mathematical understanding were made by Avicenna, who would later publish influential works on medicine, Persian Muslim polymath and scientist Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Arab Egyptian Muslim mathematician and astronomer Ibn Yunus, Persian Muslim physicist and mathematician Abu Sahl al-Quhi ( Kuhi ) and Persian Muslim astronomer and mathematician, Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi.

Averroes, Avicenna and Alpharabius, who wrote on Aristotle in great depth, also influenced Thomas Aquinas and other Western Christian scholastic philosophers.

A more recent translation of the Autobiography appears in D. Gutas, Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition: Introduction to Reading Avicenna's Philosophical Works, Leiden: Brill, 1988.

P Morewedge, The Metaphysics of Avicenna, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973.

Avicenna created new scientific vocabulary that had not existed before in the modern Persian language.

In his book The Physician ( 1988 ) Noah Gordon tells the story of a young English medical apprentice who disguises himself as a Jew to learn from Avicenna, the great master of his time.

** This is a distinguished work which stands out from, and above, many of the books and articles which have ben written in this century on Avicenna ( Ibn Sīnā ) ( A. D. 980 – 1037 ).

), Avicenna and his Legacy.

** This German publication is both one of the most comprehensive general introductions to the life and works of the philosopher and physician Avicenna ( Ibn Sīnā, d. 1037 ) and an extensive and careful survey of his contribution to the history of science.

* Nader El-Bizri, The Phenomenological Quest between Avicenna and Heidegger ( Binghamton, N. Y .: Global Publications SUNY, 2000 )

* Nader El-Bizri, " Avicenna and Essentialism ," Review of Metaphysics, Vol.

The study of Aristotle brought him to study and comment on the teachings of Muslim academics, notably Avicenna and Averroes, and this would bring him in the heart of academic debate.

Centuries later, the Islamic philosopher Avicenna ( c. 980 – 1037 ) inquired into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence ( Mahiat ) and existence ( Wujud ).

Thomas Aquinas ( c. 1225 – 1274 ), a theologian in Medieval Europe, adapted the argument he found in his reading of Aristotle and Avicenna to form one of the most influential versions of the cosmological argument.

The medieval philosopher Thomas Aquinas, perhaps following the Islamic philosopher Avicenna, argued that God is pure being, and that in God essence and existence are the same.

According to Iranian author Nabipour I., in medieval Persia, Avicenna ( 980-1037 ) provided a detailed account on diabetes mellitus in The Canon of Medicine ( c. 1025 ), " describing the abnormal appetite and the collapse of sexual functions and he documented the sweet taste of diabetic urine.

The works of the Peripatetics — Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina ( Avicenna )— on the one side, and the " Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity "— a transformed Kalam founded on Neoplatonic theories — on the other side, exercised considerable influence upon Jewish thinkers of that age.

As a mathematician, Khayyám has made fundamental contributions to the Philosophy of mathematics especially in the context of Persian Mathematics and Persian philosophy with which most of the other Persian scientists and philosophers such as Avicenna, Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī and Tusi are associated.

Their main point of dispute is on the influence of different philosophers on Islamic Philosophy, especially the comparative importance of eastern intellectuals such as Ibn Sina ( Avicenna ) and of western thinkers such as Ibn Rushd.

* 981 – 1037 mathematics ; medicine ; philosophy Ibn Sina ( Avicenna ); Medicine, Philosophy, Mathematics, Astronomy

When Dr. Adenauer was approached by a world citizen delegation to find out his disposition of my case, he gave them his personal approval of my entry, saying that all men advocating peace should be welcomed into Germany.

The pressure for our entry to the Common Market is mounting and we will proceed towards this amalgamated trade union by way of a purely `` economic thoroughfare '', or garden path, with the political ramifications kept neatly in the background.

This thoughtful gesture was well received by the Juniors as the Class had an entry of 46 Juniors and it took approximately one hour, 45 minutes to judge the Class.

Her first day at work she was puzzled by an entry in the doctor's notes on an emergency case.

A number of unique medical problems might be created when man is exposed to an infectious agent through the respiratory route rather than by natural portal of entry.

Another theory by Yule and Burnell ( 1886 ) is based on an entry in the Catalogue of Indian Serpents from the Leyden Museum ( Ray, 1693 ) that reads: Anacondaia Zeylonensibus, id est Bubalorum aliorumque jumentorum membra conterens, meaning " the anacondaia of the Ceylonese, i. e. he that crushes the limbs of buffaloes and yoke beasts.

According to Vahram Nercissiantz, President Serzh Sargsyan's chief economic adviser, " Businessmen holding state positions have turned into oligarchs who have avoided paying sufficient taxes by abusing their state positions, distorted markets with unequal conditions, breached the rules of competition, impeded or prevented small and medium-sized business ’ entry into manufacturing and thereby sharply deepened social polarization in the republic.

The shift in Aalto's design approach from classicism to modernism is epitomised by the Viipuri Library ( 1927 – 35 ), which went through a transformation from an originally classical competition entry proposal to the completed high-modernist building.

La Longue Marche à travers la théorie de Galois Long March Through Galois Theory is an approximately 1600-page handwritten manuscript produced by Grothendieck during the years 1980 – 1981, containing many of the ideas leading to the Esquisse d ' un programme ( see below, and also a more detailed entry ), and in particular studying the Teichmüller theory.

It is this reluctance which was felt by the Rijksmuseum to reattribute works to other painters ( Abraham van Calraet does not even appear in a Museum catalogue until 1926, and even then he is not given his own entry ) which shows how important it is to art historians that painters are accurately connected to their works — and this is continuously necessary for those of Aelbert Cuyp, as Dordrecht ’ s most famous painter may not in fact be Dordrecht ’ s most famous painter.

Other highlights of that decade included the 1942 debut of Fearless Fosdick as Abner's " ideel " ( hero ); the 1946 Lena the Hyena Contest, in which a hideous Lower Slobbovian gal was ultimately revealed in the harrowing winning entry ( as judged by Frank Sinatra, Boris Karloff and Salvador Dalí ) drawn by noted cartoonist Basil Wolverton ; and an ill-fated Sunday parody of Gone With the Wind that aroused anger and legal threats from author Margaret Mitchell, and led to a printed apology within the strip.

The water entry activates the torpedo, which is guided by its own sonar system, and homes in on the target using either active sonar or passive sonar.

* Belgium, entry on the Public Diplomacy wiki monitored by the USC Center on Public Diplomacy

Public entry to the island is by special-use permit from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service only and is generally restricted to scientists and educators.

Bonaparte demanded that his fleet be permitted entry to the fortified harbour of Valletta, and when the demand was refused the French general responded by ordering a large scale invasion of the Maltese Islands, overrunning the defenders after 24 hours of skirmishing.

This entry deals with the Breviary prior to the changes introduced by Pope Paul VI in 1974.

The new company would compete with Cooper in the market for customer racing cars ; as Brabham was still employed by Cooper, Tauranac produced the first MRD car, for the entry level Formula Junior class, in secrecy.

: Northern Cyprus, which the U. S. considers part of the Republic of Cyprus, is not given a separate entry because " territorial occupations / annexations not recognized by the United States Government are not shown on U. S. Government maps.

: The U. S. does not recognize the renaming of Burma by its ruling military junta to Myanmar and thus keeps its entry for the country under " Burma ".

In the 1994 edition, the name of the entry was changed to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, as it is officially recognised by the United Nations ( awaiting for the resolution of the Macedonia naming dispute ).

The exception however is the foreign affairs council, which has been chaired by the High Representative since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty.

Following the entry into force of a framework agreement between the EU and ESA there is a Space Council configuration-joint and concomitant meeting of the EU Council and of the ESA Council at ministerial level dealing with the implementation of the ESP adopted by both organizations.

For ' posthumous collaborations ' of Smith ( stories completed by Lin Carter ), see the entry on Lin Carter.