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* Conservative Judaism, known as Masorti outside the United States and Canada, is characterized by a commitment to traditional Jewish laws and customs, including observance of Shabbat and kashrut, a deliberately non-fundamentalist teaching of Jewish principles of faith, a positive attitude toward modern culture, and an acceptance of both traditional rabbinic and modern scholarship when considering Jewish religious texts.
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Conservative and Judaism
In 1946, he took a position at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America ( JTS ), the main seminary of Conservative Judaism, where he served as professor of Jewish ethics and Mysticism until his death in 1972.
Conservative Judaism ( also known as Masorti Judaism outside of the United States and Canada ) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out of intellectual currents in Germany in the mid-19th century and took institutional form in the United States in the early 1900s.
Conservative Judaism has its roots in the school of thought known as Positive-Historical Judaism, developed in 1850s Germany as a reaction to the more liberal religious positions taken by Reform Judaism.
Because of this potential for confusion, a number of Conservative Rabbis have proposed renaming the movement, and outside of the United States and Canada, in many countries including Israel and the UK, it is today known as Masorti Judaism ( Hebrew for " Traditional ").
In the United States and Canada, the term Conservative, as applied, does not always indicate that a congregation is affliliated with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, the movement's central institution and the one to which the term, without qualifier, usually refers.
The moniker Conservadox is sometimes employed to refer to the right wing of the Conservative spectrum, although " Traditional " is used as well ( as in the Union for Traditional Judaism ).
* The United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism ( USCJ ) in the United States and Canada,
Like Reform Judaism, the Conservative movement developed in Europe and the United States in the 19th century, as Jews reacted to the changes brought about by the Enlightenment and Jewish emancipation, a confluence of events that lead to Haskalah, or the Jewish Enlightenment.
Positive-Historical Judaism, the intellectual forerunner to Conservative Judaism, was developed as a school of thought in the 1840s and 1850s in Germany.
The fortunes of Conservative Judaism underwent a dramatic turnaround when in 1902, the famed scholar Solomon Schechter, lecturer in Talmud at the University of Cambridge, accepted the invitation to become president of JTS.
In 1913, the Conservative Movement founded its congregational arm, the United Synagogue of America, which would later become the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism.
Conservative Judaism enjoyed rapid growth in the first half of the 20th century, becoming the largest American Jewish denomination.
After World War II, Conservative Judaism continued to thrive.
Conservative Judaism occupied an enviable middle position during a period where American society prized consensus.
By the 1990s Conservative Judaism continued to flourish, yet dichotomies of practice and belief, which had been present for years, began to formulate.
Working with this 1990s trend of diversity and institutional growth, Conservative Judaism remained the largest denomination in America, with 43 percent of Jewish households affiliated with a synagogue belonging to Conservative synagogues ( compared to 35 percent for Reform and 16 percent for Orthodox ).
For the first time in nearly a century, Conservative Judaism is no longer the largest denomination in America.
Conservative and known
Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship, Old Regular Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Plymouth Brethren, Churches of Christ, the Old German Baptist Brethren, the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church and the Amish, Old Order Mennonites and Conservative Mennonites.
In 1841 the Liberals lost office to the Conservative Party under Sir Robert Peel, but their period in opposition was short, because the Conservatives split over the repeal of the Corn Laws, a free trade issue, and a faction known as the Peelites ( but not Peel himself, who died soon after ), defected to the Liberal side.
Lloyd George and the Conservative leader Andrew Bonar Law wrote a joint letter of support to candidates to indicate they were considered the official Coalition candidates – this " coupon " as it became known was issued against many sitting Liberal MPs, often to devastating effect, though not against Asquith himself.
The international association of Conservative / Masorti Rabbis is known as the Rabbinical Assembly ; the Cantors Assembly is the organization of chazanim.
Other views of God affirmed by members of the Conservative movement include Kabbalistic mysticism ; Hasidic panentheism ( neo-Hasidism, Jewish Renewal ); limited theism ( as in Harold Kushner's When Bad Things Happen to Good People ); and organic thinking in the fashion of Alfred North Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne, also known as process theology ( such as Rabbis Max Kaddushin, William E. Kaufman, or Bradley Shavit Artson ).
It is also known as Bosniak Conservative Party.
From 1942, the party was known as the Progressive Conservatives, until 2003, when the national party merged with the Canadian Alliance to form the Conservative Party of Canada.
Conservative music of the Roman school continued to be written in his style ( which in the 17th century came to be known as the prima pratica ) by such students of his as Giovanni Maria Nanino, Ruggiero Giovanelli, Arcangelo Crivelli, Teofilo Gargari, Francesco Soriano and Gregorio Allegri.
The introduction in 1989 by the Thatcher-led Conservative government of the Community Charge ( widely known as the Poll Tax ), one year before the rest of the United Kingdom, contributed to a growing movement for a return to direct Scottish control over domestic affairs.
Several Conservative MPs, known as the Maastricht Rebels, voted against the treaty, and the Government was defeated.
Additionally, in the past there, was been a group known as the Conservative Trade Unionists or CTU.
Conservative Judaism had begun to make its presence known in Israel before the 1960s.
Masorti Olami ( also known as The World Council of Conservative / Masorti Synagogues ) builds, renews and strengthens Jewish life throughout the world, with efforts that focus on existing and developing communities in Europe, Latin America, the Former Soviet Union, Africa, Asia and Australia.
Following the evacuation of U. S. Marines in 1925, another violent conflict between liberals and conservatives known as the Constitutionalist War took place in 1926, when Liberal soldiers in the Caribbean port of Puerto Cabezas revolted against Conservative President Adolfo Díaz, recently installed as a result of United States pressure following a coup.
Rabbi Philip R. Alstat, an early leader of Conservative Judaism, known for his fiery rhetoric and powerful oratory skills, wrote and spoke in 1939 about the power of the Passover story during the rise of Nazi persecution and terror:
In 1873, it became known that Allan had contributed a large sum of money to the Conservative government's re-election campaign of 1872 ; some sources quote a sum over $ 360, 000.
In 1957-1958, the political leadership of the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party agreed to establish a bipartisan political system known as the National Front ( Frente Nacional, 1958 – 74 ).
The UP sought political reforms ( known as Apertura Democratica ) such as constitutional reform, more democratic local elections, political decentralization, and ending the domination of Colombian politics by the Liberal and Conservative parties.
The Court Party soon became known as the Tories, a name that has stuck despite the official name being ' Conservative '.
The U. S. Taxpayers Party, now known as the Constitution Party, nominated former aide to President Ronald Reagan and Chairman of The Conservative Caucus Howard Phillips for President.
Alf was an admirer of Enoch Powell, a right-wing Conservative politician known particularly for strong opposition to the immigration of non-white races into the United Kingdom.
Conservative and Masorti
The movement is supported by the Masorti Foundation for Conservative Judaism in Israel, an American organization that provides funding to Masorti programs, which are disadvantaged by the Israeli government's practice of funding only Orthodox institutions.
* Conservative Jews in Israel: Official Masorti Movement website
This term, as commonly used, has nothing to do with the official Masorti ( Conservative ) movement.
The Masorti Movement is the name given to Conservative Judaism in Israel and other countries outside Canada and U. S. Masorti means " traditional " in Hebrew.
In 1979 JTS Chancellor Gerson Cohen announced the creation of the Masorti (" Traditional ") movement as Israel's own indigenous Conservative movement, with its own executive director, board and executive committee.
MERCAZ is the Zionist organization of the Conservative Movement, and represents Conservative / Masorti Jews the world over.
The Masorti movement in Israel adopts positions on subjects of Jewish Law independent of the Conservative movement in the United States, and the two movements sometimes take different positions.
The Masorti movement is sometimes somewhat more traditional than the U. S. Conservative movement and has not accepted a number of the U. S. movement's leniencies.
For example, the Masorti movement in Israel rejected a decision by the Conservative movement in the United States permitting Jews living far from synagogues to drive to synagogue on Shabbat.
There is a " Conservative Yeshivah " in Jerusalem, but this belongs to the American Conservative movement and not to the Israeli Masorti movement.
While approximately 90 % of American Conservative synagogues have adopted fully egalitarian practices, most British Masorti synagogues have retained a more traditional approach.
Although women chazaniyot ( cantors ) are common in North American Conservative synagogues, in 2006, Jaclyn Chernett became the first woman in the UK to be ordained as a chazan ( cantor ) in the British Masorti movement.
In 1999, Kehilat Nitzan, Melbourne's first Conservative ( Masorti ) Congregation was established, with foundation president Prof John Rosenberg.
Kehilat Nitzan is affiliated with Masorti Olami, the World Council of Conservative Congregations.
In 2010 Beit Knesset Shalom became Brisbane's first Conservative ( Masorti ) Congregation.
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