To measure cost performance, planned value ( or BCWS-Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled ) and earned value ( or BCWP-Budgeted Cost of Work Performed ) must be in units of currency ( the same units that actual costs are measured.

Once advantages are applied, the base cost becomes the Active Cost.

Once Active Cost is calculated, limitations are applied.

Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time.

Cost synergies are realized by eliminating positions that are viewed as duplicate within the merged entity.

* Cost, insurance, and freight ( CIF ): Insurance and freight are all paid by the exporter to the specified location.

Cost and revenue estimates are central to any business plan for deciding the viability of the planned venture.

* Cost of buying and running a server are high.

Cost accounting information is commonly used in financial accounting information, but first we are concentrating in its use by managers to take decisions.

Cost limitations have been overcome by employing the more complex synchrotron or modern, klystron-driven linear accelerators, both of which have the advantage of scalability, offering more power within an improved cost structure as the machines are made larger.

Cost of prints, are less than 25 % of similar running time in conventional 70mm Large Format, and only about 10 % of the cost of 3D of flat IMAX.

In particular, Rolemaster Companion II included the complete Skill list and descriptions section and Master Development Point Cost Tables as well as several Professions that are often considered the distinguishing features of Rolemaster Second Edition.

* Cost – many sugar substitutes are cheaper than sugar.

: Revenues and expenses are measured in nominal monetary units under the Historical Cost Accounting model and in units of constant purchasing power ( inflation-adjusted ) under the Units of Constant Purchasing Power model.

* the resource can be reliably measured – otherwise the stable measuring unit assumption is applied under the Historical Cost Accounting model: i. e. it is assumed that the monetary unit of account ( the functional currency ) is perfectly stable ( zero inflation or deflation ); it is simply assumed that there is no inflation or deflation ever, and items are stated at their original nominal Historical Cost from any prior date: 1 month, 1 year, 10 or 100 or 200 or more years before ; i. e. the stable measuring unit assumption is applied to items such as issued share capital, retained earnings, capital reserves, all other items in shareholders ´ equity, all items in the Statement of Comprehensive Income ( except salaries, wages, rentals, etc., which are inflation-adjusted annually ), etc.

A major difference between US GAAP and IFRS is the fact that three fundamentally different concepts of capital and capital maintenance are authorized in IFRS while US GAAP only authorize two capital and capital maintenance concepts during low inflation and deflation: ( 1 ) physical capital maintenance and ( 2 ) financial capital maintenance in nominal monetary units ( traditional Historical Cost Accounting ) as stated in Par 45 to 48 in the FASB Conceptual Satement Nº 5.

Depreciation and Cost of Goods Sold are good examples of application of this principle.

* Cost auditor / Statutory Cost auditor is an independent firm engaged by the client subject to the Cost audit, to express an opinion on whether the company's Cost statements and Cost Sheet are free of material misstatements, whether due to fraud or error.

Cost for decentralized companies ( i. e., those with multiple segments or divisions ) were considerably more than centralized companies.

* Cost — While a mediator may charge a fee comparable to that of an attorney, the mediation process generally takes much less time than moving a case through standard legal channels.

Cost per round is less than $ 0. 02 ( US ) for Olympic-quality ammunition, and far less for cheaper grades.

Cost of goods sold is then beginning inventory plus purchases less the calculated cost of goods on hand at the end of the period.

Although the Cost of Knowledge movement was not mentioned, the statement indicated the hope that the move would " help create a less heated and more productive climate " for ongoing discussions with research funders.

Village Information Centres ( popularly known as VICs ) are rural libraries, set up by village youth leaders as ' Zero Cost ' village initiatives, which prepare disadvantaged, less educated rural communities for the information age.

Cost is also an issue because artillery is expensive due to the large quantities of ammunition that it uses and its level of manpower.

According to Mercer's 2011 Worldwide Cost of Living Survey, Dublin is the 13th most expensive city in the European Union ( down from 10th in 2010 ) and the 58th most expensive place to live in the world ( down from 42nd in 2010 ).

Cost of construction on a per square meter ( or per square foot ) basis for houses can vary dramatically based on site conditions, local regulations, economies of scale ( custom designed homes are always more expensive to build ) and the availability of skilled tradespeople.

Cost is also an important consideration with this method because immobilized Protein A / G is a more expensive resin.

Cost estimates showed that extending the runways, adding pilework under them and strengthening them in other ways would be too expensive.

Cost assessments taking account of the complete life cycle show that fast reactors could be no more expensive than the most widely used reactors in the world – water-moderated water-cooled reactors.

Cost was also an issue, as these games were often very expensive to produce: Ground Zero: Texas cost Sega around US $ 3 million, about the same as a low-budget movie would cost in 1994.

* Cost: While sunlight is free, the creation of PV cells to capture that sunlight is expensive.

Cost estimates were made based on the Golden Gate Bridge in the United States, but it proved too expensive for a suspension bridge crossing between Frekhaug and Salhus.

Cost and other factors affect the ability of carriers to build and maintain permanently over-provisioned networks

In 1979, NHTSA created the New Car Assessment Program ( NCAP ) in response to Title II of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act of 1972, to encourage manufacturers to build safer vehicles and consumers to buy them.

Cost to build the My Dinh National Stadium is 52. 983 million USD, with the successful bidder is HISG Group ( China ).

Cost build up varies by card and is indicated in the upper-right corner of the card.

* Cost of the medium ( e. g., per Megabyte ), Cost to operate ( cost of energy consumed per unit time ).

* Cost of the medium ( e. g., per Megabyte ), Cost to operate ( cost of energy consumed per unit time ).

Cost was cited as the major reason for the razing, as it would cost Kansas City $ 40 million per year until 2046 to operate it and another $ 20 million to upgrade it, along with the fact that no city has successfully maintained two large arenas.

Cost comparison studies done in the early 1950s pointed out the desirability of letting contractors operate the station.