Discharging these proof obligations is performed using the SPADE Simplifier ( an automated theorem prover ) and the SPADE Proof Checker ( a manual theorem prover, used for those VCs too thorny for the Simplifier to automatically discharge ).

( Discharging is read left to right, charging is from right to left.

The difference between the two cases is simply due to the traditional method of plotting continuous time versus discrete time transfer functions.

In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, interpolation is a method of constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points.

Neusner ’ s method of studying documents individually without contextualizing them with other Rabbinic documents of the same era or genre, led to a series of studies on the way Judaism creates categories of understanding and how those categories relate to one another, even as they emerge diversely in discrete rabbinic documents.

* Lattice model ( finance ), a method for evaluating stock options that divides time into discrete intervals

OFDM is essentially identical to coded OFDM ( COFDM ) and discrete multi-tone modulation ( DMT ), and is a frequency-division multiplexing ( FDM ) scheme used as a digital multi-carrier modulation method.

This method brings the system close to a multitasking kernel with discrete processes.

Every question and method about differential equations has a discrete equivalent for difference equations.

Formally stated, the FFT is a method for computing the discrete Fourier transform of a sampled signal.

It was created by the Joint Photographic Experts Group committee in 2000 with the intention of superseding their original discrete cosine transform-based JPEG standard ( created in 1992 ) with a newly designed, wavelet-based method.

A discrete element method ( DEM ), also called a distinct element method is any of family of numerical methods for computing the motion and effect of a large number of small particles.

The various branches of the DEM family are the distinct element method proposed by Cundall in 1971, the generalized discrete element method proposed by Hocking, Williams and Mustoe in 1985, the discontinuous deformation analysis ( DDA ) proposed by Shi in 1988 and the finite-discrete element method concurrently developed by several groups ( e. g., Munjiza and Owen ).

The fundamental assumption of the method is that the material consists of separate, discrete particles.

Typical integration methods used in a discrete element method are:

* Kawaguchi, T., Tanaka, T. and Tsuji, Y., Numerical simulation of two-dimensional fluidized beds using the discrete element method ( comparison between the two-and three-dimensional models ) Powder Technology, 96 ( 2 ): 129 – 138, 1998.

In combinatorial mathematics, the theory of combinatorial species is an abstract, systematic method for analysing discrete structures in terms of generating functions.

Another method to finding a discrete FIR filter is filter optimization described in Knutsson et al., which minimizes the integral of the square of the error, instead of its maximum value.

MD can also be seen as a special case of the discrete element method ( DEM ) in which the particles have spherical shape ( e. g. with the size of their van der Waals radii.

This method is used in flame emission spectroscopy, and it was also the method used by Anders Jonas Ångström when he discovered the phenomenon of discrete emission lines in 1850s.

* Discrete element method or discrete element modeling, a family of numerical methods for computing the motion of a large number of small particles ( like molecules or grains of sand )

Combinatorics is an example of a field of mathematics which does not, in general, follow the axiomatic method.

Two aspects of this attitude deserve to be mentioned: 1 ) he did not only study science from books, as other academics did in his day, but actually observed and experimented with nature ( the rumours starting by those who did not understand this are probably at the source of Albert's supposed connections with alchemy and witchcraft ), 2 ) he took from Aristotle the view that scientific method had to be appropriate to the objects of the scientific discipline at hand ( in discussions with Roger Bacon, who, like many 20th century academics, thought that all science should be based on mathematics ).

The first person to describe the mathematics behind Brownian motion was Thorvald N. Thiele in a paper on the method of least squares published in 1880.

Decision problems typically appear in mathematical questions of decidability, that is, the question of the existence of an effective method to determine the existence of some object or its membership in a set ; many of the important problems in mathematics are undecidable.

In mathematics, the Euclidean algorithm, or Euclid's algorithm, is an efficient method for computing the greatest common divisor ( GCD ) of two integers, also known as the greatest common factor ( GCF ) or highest common factor ( HCF ).

In mathematics, Archimedes used the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, and gave a remarkably accurate approximation of pi.

In mathematics, Horner's method ( also known as Horner scheme in the UK or Horner's rule in the U. S .) is either of two things: ( i ) an algorithm for calculating polynomials, which consists in transforming the monomial form into a computationally efficient form ; or ( ii ) a method for approximating the roots of a polynomial.

* Mathematical induction, a method of proof in the field of mathematics

In computational mathematics, an iterative method is a mathematical procedure that generates a sequence of improving approximate solutions for a class of problems.

As a curious specimen of his method, it may be mentioned that he regards the three stories of Noah's ark as symbolic of the three sciences mathematics, physics, and metaphysics.

Experimental mathematics continues to grow in importance within mathematics, and computation and simulation are playing an increasing role in both the sciences and mathematics, weakening the objection that mathematics does not use the scientific method.

The method of forcing is employed in set theory, model theory, and recursion theory, as well as in the study of intuitionistic mathematics.

Both believed that it was necessary to create a method that thoroughly linked mathematics and physics.

The thesis states that Turing machines indeed capture the informal notion of effective method in logic and mathematics, and provide a precise definition of an algorithm or ' mechanical procedure '.

Boole did not regard logic as a branch of mathematics, but he provided a general symbolic method of logical inference.

The term " natural science " is used to distinguish the subject matter from the social sciences, which apply the scientific method to study human behavior and social patterns ; the humanities, which use a critical or analytical approach to study the human condition ; and the formal sciences such as mathematics and logic, which use an a priori, as opposed to factual methodology to study formal systems.

The precise formulation of what are today recognized as correct statements of the laws of nature did not begin until the 17th century in Europe, with the beginning of accurate experimentation and development of advanced form of mathematics ( see scientific method ).

In addition to problems in science and mathematics, the method has been applied to: finance, social science, environmental risk assessment, linguistics, radiation therapy, sports, and many other fields.

In mathematics, the Banach fixed-point theorem ( also known as the contraction mapping theorem or contraction mapping principle ) is an important tool in the theory of metric spaces ; it guarantees the existence and uniqueness of fixed points of certain self-maps of metric spaces, and provides a constructive method to find those fixed points.

Though he is also concerned with freeing dance from pedestrian modes of activity, Merce Cunningham has selected a very different method for achieving his aim.

The `` approximate '' is important, because even after the order of the work has been established by the chance method, the result is not inviolable.

Let us not confuse the issue by labeling the objective or the method `` psychoanalytic '', for this is a well established term of art for the specific ideas and procedures initiated by Sigmund Freud and his followers for the study and treatment of disordered personalities.

It is the only method left for a man to escape from a woman's world.

The objective should be to provide a method of getting into print a higher percentage than is now possible of the relevant information in the possession of reporters and editors.

This condition will undoubtedly continue until such time as a state uniform system of evaluation is established, or through mutual agreement of the local assessing officials for a method of standard assessment practice to be adopted.

Another recent achievement was the successful development of a method for the complete combustion in a bomb calorimeter of a metal in fluorine when the product is relatively non-volatile.

Using Edgerton's method, the fast-closing action is obtained from the blackening of a window by exploding a series of parallel lead wires.

Since conventional methods are insensitive at the low frequencies of these molecular transitions, the paramagnetic resonance method is being used instead.

The method used in computing the allotments is specifically set forth in the Act.

The method used for computing the respective Federal and State shares in total program costs is specifically set forth in the Act.

Since the same method of shaping and fitting the dogs and notches is used throughout, we will only describe the construction of one locking bar.

Another method of assuring a clean hole is to first drill a small pilot hole all the way through, then drill half way with the dimensional bit, turn the piece over, and finish from the other side.

It is generally an inaccurate method of rating, for the horsepower is that of the compressor motor, and many other components beside it determine how much cooling you'll get.

The longer I work, the more I am sure that for me, at least, a workmanlike method is important.

One simple method of measuring the expansion of the heart is to tie a thin rubber tube, filled with mercury, around the heart and record the change in resistance as the tube is stretched.

One of the advantages of this method is that the `` pill '' can remain in the patient for several days, permitting observation under natural conditions.

The method used to scan the eye ultrasonically is illustrated in Fig. 6.

More unitized lumber is being shipped on flat cars, and NLRDA studies show that flat cars loaded with the new Type 6-B floating-load method can be unloaded for as little as $.054/mbf.

Although the Af calculation is obvious by analogy with that for gravitational field and osmotic pressure, it is interesting to confirm it by a method which can be generalized to include related effects.

The best way to determine the correct figure ( in captives ) is by direct observation of pairs isolated from birth, a method that produced surprising results: maturing of a male Indian python in less than two years, his mate in less than three ; ;