Failures are traditionally recorded over time and it is useful to understand how their frequency is measured so that the effectiveness of means can be assessed.

As a result of the overhaul, the fleet's reliability has vastly improved ; the R46's Mean Distance Between Failures rate is much lower than the system average as of May 2011, and it is no longer considered to be the lemon that it once was.

The Failures In Time ( FIT ) rate of a device is the number of failures that can be expected in one billion ( 10 < sup > 9 </ sup >) device-hours of operation.

Failures can range from slight errors ( slight over or under extraction – too bitter or too weak ; or uneven extraction – some parts over-extracted, some parts under-extracted ) to significant errors ( undrinkably harsh or watery ) to complete failure ( espresso does not brew successfully, water sprays everywhere, etc.

On a chance die, if the roll is a 1, then it is a Dramatic Failure, which is usually worse than a normal failure of the action, and is regulated by the Storyteller ( although examples of Dramatic Failures in certain situations are occasionally given ).

The automobile maintenance unit, or motor pool, came into existence in 1942 and has been responsible for centralized maintenance and management of state-owned transportation since that time.

The final choice of material depends upon such factors as costs, method of fabrication, degree of complexity, number of units required, time available for tooling, and projected life expectancy of the unit.

In practical terms, the ampere is a measure of the amount of electric charge passing a point in an electric circuit per unit time with 6. 241 × 10 < sup > 18 </ sup > electrons, or one coulomb per second constituting one ampere.

In this way, amperes can be viewed as a flow rate, i. e. number of particles ( charged ) transiting per unit time, and coulombs simply as the number of particles.

Once a movement per unit time is observed, astronomers compensate for the parallax caused by the earth ’ s motion during this time and the heliocentric distance to this object is calculated.

The time to traverse an AU is found to be τ < sub > A </ sub > =, resulting in the astronomical unit in metres as c < sub > 0 </ sub > τ < sub > A </ sub > =.

The 1976 definition of the astronomical unit was incomplete, in particular because it does not specify the frame of reference in which time is to be measured, but proved practical for the calculation of ephemerides: a fuller definition that is consistent with general relativity was proposed, and " vigorous debate " ensued until in August 2012 the International Astronomical Union adopted the current definition of 1 astronomical unit = 149597870700 meters.

An operator was needed to operate the control switches to set up its functions, much like the electro-mechanical calculators and unit record equipment of the time.

A model of computation may be defined in terms of an abstract computer, e. g., Turing machine, and / or by postulating that certain operations are executed in unit time.

For example, if the sorted list to which we apply binary search has n elements, and we can guarantee that each lookup of an element in the list can be done in unit time, then at most log < sub > 2 </ sub > n + 1 time units are needed to return an answer.

To see how this formula was derived, assume that the running time of the old computation was 1, for some unit of time.

Although it was innovative and unique for its time, gamers found the Atari Lynx to be quite large and bulky, even the 2nd version of the unit.

* Ark narrative ( 1 Samuel 4: 1b-7: 1 and 2 Samuel 6: 1-20 ): the ark's capture by the Philistines in the time of Eli and its transfer to Jerusalem by David-opinion is divided over whether this is actually an independent unit.

In this case it is particularly useful to insert the unit operator into the bracket one time or more ( for more information see Resolution of the identity ).

With " Tertiary " being discouraged as a formal time or rock unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, the K – T extinction event is now called the Cretaceous – Paleogene ( or K – Pg ) extinction event by many researchers.

The productivity of a catalyst can be described by the turn over number ( or TON ) and the catalytic activity by the turn over frequency ( TOF ), which is the TON per time unit.

The Horn: This is a bet that involves betting on 1 unit each for 2, 3, 11 and 12 at the same time for the next roll.

In 1831 Gauss developed a fruitful collaboration with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber, leading to new knowledge in magnetism ( including finding a representation for the unit of magnetism in terms of mass, length and time ) and the discovery of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electricity.

* Reactant concentrations, which usually make the reaction happen at a faster rate if raised through increased collisions per unit time.

* Temperature, which hastens reactions if raised, since higher temperature increases the energy of the molecules, creating more collisions per unit time,

* inside the unit circle for discrete time, when the Z-transform is used.

The cost of developing a major weapon system is now so enormous that the greatest care must be exercised in selecting new systems for development, in determining the most satisfactory rate of development, and in deciding the proper time at which either to place a system into production or to abandon it.

Common complaints included `` Mrs. Murphy '' leaving her windows open all the time, a fresh air fan, or the family was visiting `` Aunt Minnie '' with the house shut up but they still paid the same rate for oil.

The extent to which the public-limit price is raised by a given increase in the basic wage rate is itself a function of three things: the passage of time, the level of GNP, and the size of the wage increase.

By means of charts showing wave-travel times and depths in the ocean at various locations, it is possible to estimate the rate of approach and probable time of arrival at Hawaii of a tsunami getting under way at any spot in the Pacific.

Even English has general, albeit complex, rules that predict pronunciation from spelling, and these rules are successful most of the time ; rules to predict spelling from the pronunciation have a higher failure rate.

* Glottochronology, which attempts to estimate the time depth of a language family based on an assumed rate of change in languages.

Private lessons usually cost in a similar rate compared to private music lessons, depending on the reputation and available time of the teacher.

The bet in this municipal bond arbitrage is that, over a longer period of time, two similar instruments — municipal bonds and interest rate swaps — will correlate with each other ; they are both very high quality credits, have the same maturity and are denominated in U. S. dollars.

The infection rate may be higher with primary reconstruction ( done at the same time as mastectomy ), but there are psychologic and financial benefits to having a single primary reconstruction.

This situation has often been used strategically by software vendors to force customers to purchase upgrades since, over time, the number of data files usable by an old version diminishes at a rate proportional to the number of other customers that have upgraded ( assuming that all customers generate files at the same the average rate.

Public finances were in so dire a condition at the time that the terms of the loan were that it was to be serviced at a rate of 8 % per annum, and there was also a service charge of £ 4, 000 per annum for the management of the loan.

Ultimately, the consumer decision depends on their reference interest rate or their time preference.

Most of these institutes focus on a form of economics called macroeconomics which keeps its eyes on things such as inflation: the rate at which money loses its value over time ; growth: how much money a government has and how quickly it accrues money ; unemployment, and rates of trade between other countries.

Long term cross ownership of shares combined with a high capital tax rate greatly increases periods of asset deflation both in time and in severity.

The rate of combustion is the amount of a material that undergoes combustion over a period of time.

* Non-exempt – Generally an employee paid by the hour who is entitled to a minimum wage, overtime pay at the rate of time and one-half the regular rate for all hours worked in excess of 40 hours per week or according to state labor laws, as well as other protections under child labor and equal pay laws.

The rate of unemployment rarely rose above 2 % during Attlee ’ s time in office, whilst there was no hard-core of long-term unemployed.

The material derivative of any property of a continuum, which may be a scalar, vector, or tensor, is the time rate of change of that property for a specific group of particles of the moving continuum body.

This approach is conveniently applied in the study of fluid flow where the kinematic property of greatest interest is the rate at which change is taking place rather than the shape of the body of fluid at a reference time.

A Danish study in 2000 found that even after adjustment for other risk factors, including leisure time physical activity, those who did not cycle to work experienced a 39 % higher mortality rate than those who did.

* Capillary refill time, the rate at with blood refills empty capillaries

* is the rate of change in atmospheric pressure with respect to time at t seconds after the skydiver's jump and is proportional to the buoyant force on the skydiver at t seconds after his jump.