An abbot ( from Old English abbod, abbad, from Latin abbas (“ father ”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς ( abbas ), from Aramaic ܐܒܐ / אבא (’ abbā, “ father ”); confer German Abt ; French abbé ) is the head and chief governor of a community of monks, called also in the East hegumen or archimandrite.

Atë, Greek for ' ruin, folly, delusion ', is the action performed by the hero, usually because of his / her hubris, or great pride, that leads to his / her death or downfall.

: huiotes ); according to Marcus, they are numbers and sounds ; in Valentinianism they form male / female pairs called " syzygies " ( Greek, from σύζυγοι syzygoi ).

Aeschylus (, Aiskhulos ; c. 525 / 524 BC – c. 456 / 455 BC ) was the first of the three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays can still be read or performed, the others being Sophocles and Euripides.

It also remained the spoken tongue of the indigenous Assyrian / Babylonian citizens of all Mesopotamia under Persian, Greek and Roman rule, and indeed well into the Arab period it was still the language of the majority, particularly in the north of Mesopotamia, surviving to this day among the Assyrian Christians.

As Aston Martin required greater investment, he also agreed to sell his share holding to American importer and Greek shipping tycoon Peter Livanos, who invested via his joint venture company with Nick and John Papanicalou, ALL Inc. Gauntlett remained chairman of the AML company 55 % owned by ALL, with Tickford a 50 / 50 venture between ALL and CHI.

The centre of this cult was in uten-ha / Sa-ka / Cynopolis, a place whose Greek name simply means " city of dogs ".

Athlon is the ancient Greek word for " Champion / trophy of the games ".

* Baltic Sea is used in English ; in the Baltic languages Latvian ( Baltijas jūra ) and Lithuanian ( Baltijos jūra ); in Latin ( Mare Balticum ) and the Romance languages French ( Mer Baltique ), Italian ( Mar Baltico ), Portuguese ( Mar Báltico ), Romanian ( Marea Baltică ) and Spanish ( Mar Báltico ); in Greek ( Βαλτική Θάλασσα ); in Albanian ( Deti Balltik ); in the Slavic languages Polish ( Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk ), Czech ( Baltské moře or Balt ), Croatian ( Baltičko more ), Slovenian ( Baltsko morje ), Bulgarian ( Baltijsko More ( Балтийско море ), Kashubian ( Bôłt ), Macedonian ( Балтичко Море / Baltičko More ), Ukrainian ( Балтійське море (" Baltijs ' ke More "), Belarusian ( Балтыйскае мора (" Baltyjskaje Mora "), Russian ( Балтийское море (" Baltiyskoye Morye ") and Serbian ( Балтичко море / Baltičko more ); in the Hungarian language ( Balti-tenger ); and also in Basque ( Itsaso Baltikoa )

In 72 BC, his troops occupied the Greek coastal cities of Scythia Minor ( modern Dobruja region, Romania / Bulgaria ), which had sided with Rome's Hellenistic arch-enemy, king Mithridates VI of Pontus, in the Third Mithridatic War ( 73-63 BC ).

The Greek additions to Esther ( which do not appear in the Jewish / Hebrew ; see " Additions to Esther " below ) are dated to around the late 2nd century or early 1st BCE.

( In contrast, the Greek historian Ctesias refers to a similar father-in-law / general figure named Onaphas.

Bradycardia (; Greek βραδυκαρδία, bradykardía, " heart slowness "), in the context of adult medicine, is the resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute, though it is seldom symptomatic until the rate drops below 50 beats / min.

Examples of cognates in Indo-European languages are the words night ( English ), nuit ( French ), Nacht ( German ), nacht ( Dutch ), nag ( Afrikaans ), nicht ( Scots ), natt ( Swedish, Norwegian ), nat ( Danish ), nátt ( Faroese ), nótt ( Icelandic ), noc ( Czech, Slovak, Polish ), ночь, noch ( Russian ), ноќ, noć ( Macedonian ), нощ, nosht ( Bulgarian ), ніч, nich ( Ukrainian ), ноч, noch / noč ( Belarusian ), noč ( Slovene ), noć ( Serbo-Croatian ), νύξ, nyx ( Ancient Greek, νύχτα / nyhta in Modern Greek ), nox ( Latin ), nakt-( Sanskrit ), natë ( Albanian ), noche ( Spanish ), nos ( Welsh ), nueche ( Asturian ), noite ( Portuguese and Galician ), notte ( Italian ), nit ( Catalan ), noapte ( Romanian ), nakts ( Latvian ) and naktis ( Lithuanian ), all meaning " night " and derived from the Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ), " night ".

Another Indo-European example is star ( English ), str-( Sanskrit ), tara ( Hindi-Urdu ), étoile ( French ), ἀστήρ ( astēr ) ( Greek or ἀστέρι / ἄστρο, asteri / astro in Modern Greek ), stella ( Italian ), aster ( Latin ) stea ( Romanian and Venetian ), stairno ( Gothic ), astl ( Armenian ), Stern ( German ), ster ( Dutch and Afrikaans ), starn ( Scots ), stjerne ( Norwegian and Danish ), stjarna ( Icelandic ), stjärna ( Swedish ), stjørna ( Faroese ), setāre ( Persian ), stoorei ( Pashto ), seren ( Welsh ), steren ( Cornish ), estel ( Catalan ), estrella Spanish, estrella Asturian and Leonese, estrela ( Portuguese and Galician ) and estêre or stêrk ( Kurdish ), from the PIE, " star ".

The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE.

Following his death and the breakup of his empire, Anatolia was ruled by a series of Hellenistic kingdoms, much of it being controlled by the Greek Seleucid Empire.

Anacharsis the son of Gnurus, a Scythian chief, was half Greek and from a mixed Hellenistic culture, apparently in the region of the Cimmerian Bosporus.

It is a handbook of Greek, i. e. Macedonian, drill and tactics as practiced by the Hellenistic successors of Alexander the Great.

The Antigonid dynasty ( Greek: Δυναστεία των Αντιγονιδών ) was a dynasty of Hellenistic kings descended from Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus (" the One-eyed ").

In some versions of the story of Adonis, who was a late addition to Greek mythology during the Hellenistic period, Artemis sent a wild boar to kill Adonis as punishment for his hubristic boast that he was a better hunter than she.

Frank Gaebelein argues that the non-existence of other Greek words does not support the theory of Daniel being written in the Hellenistic period.

The Hebrew of the original calls the child's mother a " young woman ", but the Greek-speaking 1st century CE author of Matthew 1: 23, using the Hellenistic Greek translation of the Hebrew sacred texts, interpreted it as a prophecy that the Messiah would be born of a virgin.

Ptolemy's catalogue is informed by Eudoxus of Cnidus, a Greek astronomer of the 4th century BC who introduced earlier Babylonian astronomy to the Hellenistic culture.

Greek astronomy essentially adopted the older Babylonian system in the Hellenistic era, first introduced to Greece by Eudoxus of Cnidus in the 4th century BC.

# An ancient Greek currency unit found in many Greek city states from Classical times on, as well as in many of Alexander's successor states and South-West Asian kingdoms during the Hellenistic era.

Alexander the Great's conquest of the Achaemenid Empire marked the beginning of the Hellenistic period, which was characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization in Asia and Africa, with Greek ruling classes established in Egypt, southwest Asia and northwest India.

When Greek orthography was codified by grammarians in the Hellenistic era, they used a diacritic symbol derived from this half-H shape to signal the presence of / h /, and added as its counterpart a reverse-shaped diacritic to denote absence of / h /.

** Koine Greek or Alexandrian, Hellenistic, Common, New Testament Greek, ( c. 330 BC – 330 AD )

Koine Greek can be initially traced within the armies and conquered territories of Alexander the Great, but after the Hellenistic colonization of the known world, it was spoken from Egypt to the fringes of India.

The main phonological changes occurred during the Hellenistic and Roman period ( see Koine Greek phonology for details ), and included:

By the Hellenistic period, it began to also be associated with Greco-Roman mystery cults and ceremonies, becoming synonymous with the Greek term musterion.

Ancient Greece in the eighth through fourth centuries BC, between the Greek Dark Ages and the Hellenistic period, is referred to as Hellenic Greece.

Hipparchus of Nicaea, or more correctly Hipparchos (; c. 190 BC – c. 120 BC ), was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician of the Hellenistic period.

In the Hellenistic Greek East, dynastic leaders such as the Ptolemies or Seleucids were also proclaimed heroes.

Hannibal ’ s vision of military affairs, derived partly from the teaching of his Greek tutors and experience gained alongside his father, stretched over most of the Hellenistic World of his time.

Greek historian Plutarch discusses an argument between Chrysippus ( 3rd century BCE ) and Hipparchus ( 2nd century BCE ) of a rather delicate enumerative problem, which was later shown to be related to Schröder numbers.

Although Greek astronomers had known, at least since Hipparchus, that the tropical year was a few minutes shorter than 365. 25 days, the calendar did not compensate for this difference.

Linguistically, the association of horse ownership with social status extends back at least as far as ancient Greece, where many aristocratic names incorporated the Greek word for horse, like Hipparchus and Xanthippe ; the character Pheidippides in Aristophanes ' Clouds has his grandfather's name with hipp-inserted to sound more aristocratic.

Taking a different view from other modern scholars, Ulansey argues that the Mithraic mysteries began in the Greco-Roman world as a religious response to the discovery by the Greek astronomer Hipparchus of the astronomical phenomenon of the precession of the equinoxes – a discovery that amounted to discovering that the entire cosmos was moving in a hitherto unknown way.

Babylonian astronomers had developed arithmetical techniques for calculating astronomical phenomena ; Greek astronomers such as Hipparchus had produced geometric models for calculating celestial motions.

The Greek astronomer and astrologer Hipparchus ( 190 – 120 BCE ) created a table of chord functions giving the length of the chord for each angle, and there are references to his using polar coordinates in establishing stellar positions.

Edmond Halley published the first measurements of the proper motion of a pair of nearby " fixed " stars, demonstrating that they had changed positions from the time of the ancient Greek astronomers Ptolemy and Hipparchus.

Although Strabo cited the antique Greek astronomers Eratosthenes and Hipparchus, acknowledging their astronomical and mathematical efforts towards geography, he claimed that a descriptive approach was more practical, such that his works were designed for statesmen who were more anthropologically than numerically concerned with the character of countries and regions.

** Hipparchus, Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician ( d. c. 120 BC )

* Hipparchus, Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician ( d. c. 120 BC )

* Hipparchus, Greek astronomer and mathematician, on Rhodes ( approximate date ) ( b. c. 190 BC )

Though there is still-controversial evidence that Aristarchus of Samos possessed distinct values for the sidereal and tropical years as early as c. 280 BC, the discovery of precession is usually attributed to Hipparchus ( 190 – 120 BC ) of Rhodes or Nicaea, a Greek astronomer.

* Hipparchus ( 2nd century BC ) Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician

Ptolemy selected the best of the astronomical principles of his Greek predecessors, especially Hipparchus, and appears to have combined them either directly or indirectly with data and parameters obtained from the Babylonians.

It is called Ptolemaic after the Greek astronomer Ptolemy, although it had been developed by previous Greek astronomers such as Apollonius of Perga and Hipparchus of Rhodes, who used it extensively, during the second century BC, almost three centuries before Ptolemy.

Hipparchus wrote about trigonometry, but because his works are no longer extant, mathematicians use Ptolemy's book as their source for Hipparchus ' works and ancient Greek trigonometry in general.

Hipparchus had some knowledge of Mesopotamian astronomy, and he felt that Greek models should match those of the Babylonians in accuracy.

It is believed that it was used by Babylonian astronomers and mathematicians in Seleucid Mesopotamia ( last three centuries BC ), and by the Greek astronomer and mathematician, Hipparchus ( 2nd century BC ).

The Greek astronomer Hipparchus ( c. 190 – c. 120 BCE ) credited Eratosthenes ( 276 – 194 BCE ) as the inventor of the armillary sphere.

The name of the space telescope Hipparcos was an acronym for High Precision Parallax Collecting Satellite, and also reflected the name of the Greek astronomer Hipparchus.

This magnitude scale was invented by the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus in about 150 B. C.

The discovery of the precession of the equinoxes is attributed to Hipparchus, a Greek astronomer active in the later Hellenistic period ( ca.