Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 Mya ( million years ago ) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.

Molecular phylogenetics has also been used to estimate the dates when species diverged, but there is controversy about the reliability of the molecular clock on which such estimates depend.

Molecular clock and fossil dating suggest echidnas split from platypuses 19 – 48 million years ago.

Molecular clock users have developed workaround solutions using a number of statistical approaches including maximum likelihood techniques and later Bayesian modeling.

* Molecular clock explanation of the molecular equidistance phenomenon

simple: Molecular clock

# REDIRECT Molecular clock

Molecular clock analyses suggest that P. falciparum is as old as the human line ; the two species diverged at the same time as humans and chimpanzees.

* Molecular clock hypothesis

Molecular clock analyses suggest that the ancestor of the nesomyines colonized Madagascar about 20-25 million years ago.