Molecular nanotechnology ( MNT ) is a technology based on the ability to build structures to complex, atomic specifications by means of mechanosynthesis.

In 1992, Drexler published Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, a detailed proposal for synthesizing stiff covalent structures using a table-top factory.

; Molecular modelling: Methods for modelling molecular structures without necessarily referring to quantum mechanics.

NCBI provides Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, the Molecular Modeling Database ( 3D protein structures ), dbSNP ( a database of single-nucleotide polymorphisms ), the Unique Human Gene Sequence Collection, a map of the human genome, a taxonomy browser, and coordinates with the National Cancer Institute to provide the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project.

Molecular rendering: VisIt's general plotting capabilities were used to create the molecular rendering shown in the featured visualization.

The institute supports 5 general subdivisions within neuroscience: Cellular, Cognitive, Developmental, Molecular, and Systems.

Molecular gastronomy is a subdiscipline of food science that seeks to investigate, explain and make practical use of the physical and chemical transformations of ingredients that occur while cooking, as well as the social, artistic and technical components of culinary and gastronomic phenomena in general.

Molecular techniques are also widely used in studies of avian population biology and ecology.

Molecular distillation is used industrially for purification of oils.

Molecular sieves are often used for this purpose as well.

Molecular structure of 3, 4-diaminopyridine, a commonly used drug treatment for LEMS.

For instance, polyethylene ( PE ) is a cheap, low friction polymer commonly used to make disposable shopping bags and trash bags, and is considered a commodity plastic, whereas medium-density polyethylene ( MDPE ) is used for underground gas and water pipes, and another variety called Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene UHMWPE is an engineering plastic which is used extensively as the glide rails for industrial equipment and the low-friction socket in implanted hip joints.

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H < sub > 2 </ sub > is CO ( carbon monoxide ).

* Molecular self-assembly-Arbitrary sequences of DNA can now be synthesized cheaply in bulk, and used to create custom proteins or regular patterns of amino acids.

Molecular phylogenetics has also been used to estimate the dates when species diverged, but there is controversy about the reliability of the molecular clock on which such estimates depend.

* Molecular replacement – if a related structure is known, it can be used as a search model in molecular replacement to determine the orientation and position of the molecules within the unit cell.

Molecular materials for electronics is a term used to refer to bulk applications of conductive polymers.

Molecular clocks have been used to suggest an origin in the Pacific in the Paleocene.

Molecular markers ( small lengths of DNA of a characterized / known sequence ) are used to ' tag ' and thus track such translocations.

* Molecular sieve, a material containing tiny pores of a precise and uniform size that is used as an adsorbent for gases and liquids.

* LAMMPS ( Large-scale Atomic / Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator ) is a molecular dynamics library that can be used to model parallel atomic / subatomic processes at large scale.

Molecular dynamics is used in many fields of science.

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to probe the mechanisms of viral assembly.

* Mesoporous Molecular Sieve, a porous material used in catalysis

* Molecular breast imaging ( MBI ), is a new technology used for breast imaging.

NAMD ( Not ( just ) Another Molecular Dynamics program ) is a free-of-charge molecular dynamics simulation package written using the Charm ++ parallel programming model, noted for its parallel efficiency and often used to simulate large systems ( millions of atoms ).

Molecular beam epitaxy is also used for the deposition of some types of organic semiconductors.

Molecular rotational transitions can also be observed by Raman spectroscopy, in which only part of the energy of an incident photon is used for molecular excitation and rest is scattered as a photon of lower E ( longer wavelength ).

Molecular mechanics can be used to study small molecules as well as large biological systems or material assemblies with many thousands to millions of atoms.

Molecular mechanics potential energy functions have been used to calculate binding constants, protein folding kinetics, protonation equilibria, active site coordinates, and to design binding sites.

* Molecular medicine

The Instituto de Medicina Molecular of the University of Lisbon, a research institute in molecular medicine, is one of the most noted biosciences research institutions in Portugal.

* Craig C. Mello: Nobel Prize winner, Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and Blais University Chair in molecular medicine ; co-discoverer of RNA Interference, recipient of the National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology, the Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Work in Basic Medical Research, the Wiley Prize in biomedical sciences, the Gairdner Foundation International Award, the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize, the Warren Triennial Prize and the Massry Prize

* Molecular medicine

Molecular medicine

Molecular medicine, Social public health

The International Max Planck Research School ( IMPRS ) for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences is a PhD program covering various aspects of life science ranging from biochemistry to molecular medicine.

Molecular, genetic and biochemical level through organelles, cells, tissues, organs, individuals, plant populations, and communities of plants are all aspects of plant life that are studied.

Other fields where chemical degrees are useful include Astrochemistry ( and Cosmochemistry ), Atmospheric chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Chemo-informatics, Electrochemistry, Environmental science, Forensic science, Geochemistry, Green chemistry, History of chemistry, Materials science, Medical science, Molecular Biology, Molecular genetics, Nanotechnology, Nuclear chemistry, Oenology, Organometallic chemistry, Petrochemistry, Pharmacology, Photochemistry, Phytochemistry, Polymer chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry and Surface chemistry.

Molecular bond energies are on the order of one eV per molecule.

Molecular evidence indicates that the lineage of gibbons ( family Hylobatidae ) diverged from Great Apes some 18-12 million years ago, and that of orangutans ( subfamily Ponginae ) diverged from the other Great Apes at about 12 million years ; there are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a so-far-unknown South East Asian hominoid population, but fossil proto-orangutans may be represented by Sivapithecus from India and Griphopithecus from Turkey, dated to around 10 million years ago.

Molecular orbitals are usually constructed by combining atomic orbitals or hybrid orbitals from each atom of the molecule, or other molecular orbitals from groups of atoms.

Molecular orbitals are obtained from the combination of atomic orbitals, which predict the location of an electron in an atom.

Molecular orbitals arise from allowed interactions between atomic orbitals, which are allowed if the symmetries ( determined from group theory ) of the atomic orbitals are compatible with each other.

Molecular orbitals are said to be degenerate if they have the same energy.

Similar ideas are advocated in the Foresight Guidelines on Molecular Nanotechnology, and a map of the 137-dimensional replicator design space recently published by Freitas and Merkle provides numerous proposed methods by which replicators could, in principle, be safely controlled by good design.

GMCs are so large that " local " ones can cover a significant fraction of a constellation ; thus they are often referred to by the name of that constellation, e. g. the Orion Molecular Cloud ( OMC ) or the Taurus Molecular Cloud ( TMC ).

Molecular clouds, and especially " giant " molecular clouds ( GMCs ), are often the home of astronomical masers.

Molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that Perissodactyla and Cetartiodactyla are closest to Carnivora and Pholidota rather than to Pseudungulata.

Molecular analysis since 1992 has suggested that the hagfishes are most closely related to lampreys, and so also are vertebrates in a monophyletic sense.

Molecular analytical techniques developed in the late 20th century are being applied to questions of taxonomic classification.

Molecular phylogeny studies, however, have shown that the mysterious mesozoans are polyphyletic.

Atomic models will consist of a single nucleus that may be surrounded by one or more bound electrons, whilst molecular models are typically concerned with Molecular Hydrogen and it's Molecular hydrogen ion.