Molecular analysis suggests that the frog – salamander divergence took place considerably earlier than the palaeontological evidence indicates.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, " New World nine-primaried oscines " ( Aves: Passeriformes ).

* The primary technical reference work on this topic is Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, an in-depth, physics-based analysis of a particular class of potential nanomachines and molecular manufacturing systems, with extensive analyses of their feasibility and performance.

Molecular genetic testing by linkage analysis or direct mutation screening is available clinically ; however, genetic heterogeneity is a significant complication to molecular genetic testing.

Molecular analysis carried out at the University of Copenhagen suggests that this classification should be reviewed.

Molecular analysis suggests that the hexapods diverged from their sister group, the Anostraca ( fairy shrimps ), at around the start of the Silurian period-coinciding with the appearance of vascular plants on land.

Molecular phylogenetics is the analysis of hereditary molecular differences, mainly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis has lent support to this hypothesis, and it is now generally accepted.

Molecular biology research uses numerous proteins and enzymes many of which are from expression systems ; particularly DNA polymerase for PCR, reverse transcriptase for RNA analysis and restriction endonucleases for cloning.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, " New World nine-primaried oscines " ( Aves: Passeriformes ) Mol.

*: ( 2008 ) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Dendrobium ( Orchidaceae ), with emphasis on the Australian section Dendrocoryne, and implications for generic classification.

Molecular analysis of 39 leopard cat tissue samples suggested distinction between northern leopard cats from Tsushima, Korea, Siberia, China and Taiwan, and southeast Asian leopard cats.

Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has confirmed Donk's circumscription of the Cantharellaceae, though the smaller genera have not yet been sequenced.

Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has resurrected and redefined the Polyporales ( also known as the polyporoid clade ).

Molecular properties can be modeled through sedimentation velocity analysis or sedimentation equilibrium analysis.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences has shown that Agapanthus is sister to a clade consisting of subfamilies Allioideae and Amaryllidoideae of the family Amaryllidaceae ( sensu APG III ).

Molecular analysis published in 2006 established that the bolete mushrooms are all derived from a common ancestor, and established the Boletales as an order separate from the Agaricales.

* Molecular: analysis of DNA, RNA, and proteins at the molecular level

Molecular analysis of CPOX is the best way to identify these patients, as they will not express a biochemical phenotype on laboratory testing unless they are symptomatic.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis carried out in 2004 showed that the tribe is monophyletic ( i. e. it contains all the descendants of a single common ancestor ).

Molecular data, including analysis of retrotransposon insertion sites in the nuclear DNA of a variety of marsupials, and the fossil evidence indicate that Ameridelphia might best be understood as an evolutionary grade.

Molecular ( DNA ) testing for PAX6 gene mutations ( by sequencing of the entire coding region and deletion / duplication analysis ) is available for isolated aniridia and the Gillespie syndrome.

Molecular studies by molecular systematists, based on DNA analysis, have revealed new relationships among mammal families over the last few years.

Molecular evidence shows that some limited number of Hox genes have existed in the Cnidaria since before the earliest true Bilatera, making these genes pre-Paleozoic.

It has been awarded by the German Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ( Gesellschaft für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie ) since 1963.

* Prof Terence Rabbitts, Director of the Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine since 2006

Molecular phylogenetic investigation ( as well as supporting evidence from micromorphology and chemotaxonomy ) has since demonstrated that similar types of basidiomycete growth form are often examples of convergent evolution and do not always reflect a close relationship between different groups of fungi.

While at the University of Alberta, he established a number of biochemical companies, including R & L Molecular Research Ltd. in 1962, Raylo Chemicals Ltd. in 1966 ( which purchased R & L ) and Chembiomed in 1977 ( which has since been taken over by Synsorb Biotech of Calgary, Alberta.

Dr. Rodgers also has been chief of the Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch since 1998.

Honorary member of Neurosciences Research Program, MIT and Rockefeller University ( US ), since 1984 ; Honorary member of the Japanese Biochemical Society, Sendai, Japan, 1985 ; Honorary member of the American Neurology Association, 1988 ; Honorary member of University College London, 1990 ; Membre d ' honneur à titre étranger de la Société Belge de Neurologie, Bruxelles, 1991 ; Member of European Molecular Biology

* International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science ( since 1992 )

In 1992, Drexler published Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, a detailed proposal for synthesizing stiff covalent structures using a table-top factory.

* Soltis, P. S., Soltis, D. E., and Doyle, J. J. ( 1992 ) Molecular systematics of plants.

His 1992 technical book on advanced nanotechnologies Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation describes manufacturing systems that are desktop-scale factories with specialized machines in fixed locations and conveyor belts to move parts from place to place.

A typical nanofactory would fit in a desktop box, in the vision of K. Eric Drexler published in Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing and Computation ( 1992 ), a notable work of " exploratory engineering ".

In 1988, the Center adds the Cooley Center for Cell and Molecular Biology to the campus, followed by the Animal Services Building in 1992.

During 1971, he became the initial editor of the Journal of Molecular Evolution, and during the late 1970s became President of the Linus Pauling Institute ( then during 1992 of its successor, the Institute of Molecular Medical Sciences ).

: Hubert P. Yockey Information Theory and Molecular Biology 1992 Cambridge University Press

The term " Molecular and Physical Gastronomy " was coined in 1992 by Hungarian physicist Nicholas Kurti and French physical chemist Hervé This.

The theory has been presented in 2005 by Marc W. Kirschner, a professor and chair of Department of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School, and John C. Gerhart, a professor in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley.

In practice, credit has accrued to both the inventor and the company ( although not its individual workers ) in the form of a Nobel Prize and a $ 10, 000 Cetus bonus for Mullis and $ 300 million for Cetus when the company sold the patent to Roche Molecular Systems.

Molecular phylogenetics has also been used to estimate the dates when species diverged, but there is controversy about the reliability of the molecular clock on which such estimates depend.

Molecular excitons have several interesting properties, one of which is energy transfer ( see Förster resonance energy transfer ) whereby if a molecular exciton has proper energetic matching to a second molecule's spectral absorbance, then an exciton may transfer ( hop ) from one molecule to another.

Israel has joined the European Union's Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development ( FP ) in 1994, and is a member of the European Organization for Nuclear Research ( CERN ), the European Molecular Biology Organization ( EMBO ) and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory ( EMBL ).

DOE has awarded $ 22. 5 million over five years for PNNL ’ s new Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, where scientists will study catalysts that covert electrical energy into chemical bonds and back again.

Molecular biology has shown that the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors belong to distinct protein superfamilies.

Molecular diagnostics using the mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) cytochrome b gene can differentiate A. m. scutellata from other A. mellifera lineages, though mtDNA only allows one to detect an Africanized colony that has an Africanized queen, and not colonies where a European queen has mated with Africanized drones.

A 2010 study published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution has given insight into the exact evolutionary relationships of the big cats.

This has been indicated in a study performed at the University of Illinois and published in Molecular Nutrition & Food Research.

Molecular systematics has been made possible by the availability of techniques for DNA sequencing, which allow the determination of the exact sequence of nucleotides or bases in either DNA or RNA.

Molecular phylogenies suggest that at least some of the genera traditionally included in Apiaceae as subfamily Hydrocotyloideae appear to be more closely related to Araliaceae, and the inclusion of Hydrocotyle and Trachymene in Araliaceae has been recommended ( Chandler & Plunkett 2004 ).

He has a Bachelor's degree in Biology and a Master's degree in Molecular Biology, both from the University of Southern California.

The school has centres of excellence split down into Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics ( LIGHT ), Leeds Institute of Health Sciences ( LIHS ), Leeds Institute of Medical Education ( LIME ) and The Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine ( LIMM ).

Molecular studies find support for few close relatives, and they are treated as a family at present, although it has been suggested that they form a clade with two enigmatic species in the genus Modulatrix.

Molecular phylogenetic evidence has moved several other physically dissimilar groups into Boletales, including the Sclerodermataceae ( earthballs ) and the Rhizopogonaceae ( false truffles ).

As a witch and Charmed One, Piper has also developed a number of magical powers which include Molecular Immobilization, Molecular Combustion, and Molecular Acceleration.