c. 1200 ), also called Perotin the Great, was a European composer, believed to be French, who lived around the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century.

Von Leonin zu Perotin: Der musikalische Paradigmenwechsel in Paris um 1210.

program notes to The Hilliard Ensemble: Perotin.

The history of Organum would not be complete without two of its greatest innovators, Leonin and Perotin.

" The innovations of Leonin and Perotin mark the development of the rhythmic modes.

While it is well known that Leonin composed a great deal of organum, it was the innovations of Perotin, who spent much of his time revising the organum purum of Leonin, that caused generations of organum and motet composers to exploit the principles of the rhythmic modes.

The motet that became the main ' object ' of compositional creativity in the fourteenth century is rooted in the lifetime of Perotin and his works.

The presence of Leonin and Perotin at the Notre Dame School made Paris the center of the musical world in the 12th century.

Perotin " is the best composer of Discantus ," according to Anonymous IV, an English student, writing ca. 1275, who has provided at least a few morsels of factual information on Paris Organum and its composers.

Perotin further developed discantus in three part Organum ( Organum Triplum ) where both organal voices are in discantus.

Perotin even went as far as composing two four-part organa ( quadrupla ), Viderunt omnes and Sederunt principes which were performed in Notre Dame in 1198 on New Year's Day and in 1199 on the feast of St. Stephen ( a decree of Odon de Sully, Bishop of Paris, exists which stipulates the performance of ' organa tripla vel quadrupla ') Apart from organa, Perotin extended the form of the Aquitanian Versus which was henceforth called conductus.

Perotin set several texts by Philippe le Chancelier, while some texts refer to contemporary events.

Again according to Anonymous IV, Perotin wrote a number of replacement clausulae from organa dupla by Leonin.

As the tenor in Leonin's organa dupla in discant sections proceeds always in the 5th mode ( all longs in a rhythmic group ordine ), Perotin, who was a generation removed from Leonin, saw fit to improve them by introducing different modes for the tenor and new melodic lines for the dupla, increasing the rhythmic organization and diversity of the section.

In monophonic song, be it chant or a conductus simplex by Perotin, there is no need to vary from the classical standards for declamation that were a rooted tradition at the time, going back to St. Augustine, De Musica.

* Articles Anonymous theoretical writings, Organum, Leonin, Perotin, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed.

The earliest motets are the Notre Dame motets, written by composers such as Leonin and Perotin during the 13th century.

An example of a Notre Dame motet is Salve, salus hominum / O radians stella / nostrum by Perotin, composed between 1180 and 1238.