He likely would have studied under masters such as Peter Abelard, Gilbert of Poitiers and Thierry of Chartres.

In the spirit of Augustine's Confessions is the 12th-century Historia Calamitatum of Peter Abelard, outstanding as an autobiographical document of its period.

A third wave was the revived form (" Neo-Adoptionism ") of Peter Abelard in the 12th century.

Bernard denounced the teachings of Peter Abelard to the pope, who called a council at Sens in 1141 to settle the matter.

The term " monastic Christology " has been used to describe spiritual approaches developed by Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard and Bernard of Clairvaux.

* 1140 – French scholar Peter Abelard is found guilty of heresy.

In the 12th century, Peter Abelard ( 1079 – 1142 ) said that these infants suffered no material torment or positive punishment, just the pain of loss at being denied the beatific vision.

As a result, the system was essentially reinvented by Peter Abelard.

From the 12th century Abbot Hugh of Semur ( died 1109 ), Peter Abelard ( died 1142 ), and Geoffrey of Vendome ( died 1132 ) all referred to Mary Magdalene as the sinner who merited the title apostolarum apostola, with the title becoming commonplace during the 12th and 13th centuries.

Nominalism has been endorsed or defended by many, including William of Ockham, Peter Abelard, D. C. Williams ( 1953 ), David Lewis ( 1983 ), and arguably H. H. Price ( 1953 ) and W. V. O. Quine ( 1961 ).

Peter Abelard was intrigued by the works of Boethius, and wrote an extensive commentary on the Isagoge.

It can be found in the work of Peter Abelard and reached its flowering in William of Ockham, who was the most influential and thorough nominalist.

# REDIRECT Peter Abelard

* Peter Abelard, French philosopher and logician

In the 11th century, there were early Scholastic figures such as Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard, Solomon ibn Gabirol, Peter Lombard, and Gilbert de la Porrée.

* Peter Abelard, French scholastic philosopher ( d. 1142 )

The main figures of scholasticism historically are Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard, Alexander of Hales, Albertus Magnus, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas.

The other three founders of scholasticism were the 11th-century scholars Peter Abelard, Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury and Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury.

* Peter Abelard writes the Historia Calamitatum, detailing his relationship with Heloise.

# REDIRECT Peter Abelard

A famous poet and composer of songs, active in the early Middle Ages, was the philosopher Peter Abelard ( 1079 – 1142 ).

The Oratory of the Paraclete is a Benedictine monastery founded by Peter Abelard in Ferreux-Quincey, France, after he left the Abbey of St. Denis about 1121.

From his own statements it is gathered that he crossed to France about 1136, and began regular studies in Paris under Peter Abelard, who had for a brief period re-opened his famous school there on Montagne Sainte-Geneviève.

The " Metamagical Themas " columns ranged over many themes, and included, to name just three, one on patterns in Frederic Chopin's piano music ( particularly the études ), another on the concept of superrationality ( choosing to cooperate when the other party / adversary is assumed to be equally intelligent as oneself ), and one on the self-modifying game of Nomic, based on the way in which the legal system modifies itself, and developed by philosopher Peter Suber.

* 1946 – Peter Singer, Australian philosopher

Marx's biographer Francis Wheen considers the " history of the twentieth century " to be " Marx's legacy ", whilst philosopher Peter Singer believes that Marx's impact can be compared with that of Jesus Christ and Muhammad.

* Peter Gärdenfors ( 1949 -), philosopher and cognitive scientist

* 1805 – Peter Ernst von Lasaulx, German philosopher and writer ( d. 1861 )

Nomic is a game created in 1982 by philosopher Peter Suber in which the rules of the game include mechanisms for the players to change those rules, usually beginning through a system of democratic voting.

Peter Albert David Singer AC ( born 6 July 1946 ) is an Australian moral philosopher.

One of the notable popularizers of Speciesism is Australian philosopher Peter Singer – who had known Ryder from his own time as a postgraduate philosophy student at Oxford – in his Animal Liberation ( 1975 ).

Christian philosopher Peter Kreeft provides several answers to the problem of evil and suffering, including that a ) God may use short-term evils for long-range goods, b ) God created the possibility of evil, but not the evil itself, and that free will was necessary for the highest good of real love.

German philosopher Max Weber saw theodicy as a social problem, based on the human need to explain puzzling aspects of the world ; sociologist Peter L. Berger argued that religion arose out of a need for social order, and theodicy developed to sustain it.

Other biographers, such as Peter Ackroyd, have offered a more sympathetic picture of More as both a sophisticated philosopher and man of letters, as well as a zealous Catholic who believed in the authority of the Holy See over Christendom.

* Peter Verin, UVic's resident ' philosopher '

** Peter Geach, British philosopher

** Peter D. Ouspensky, Russian philosopher ( d. 1947 )

* July 20 – Peter Lombard, French scholastic philosopher ( b. c. 1100 )

The philosopher Peter Hallward argues that they are an aristocratic form of politics.

The moral philosopher Peter Singer, along with Kenneth Roth, has cited Israel's prosecution of Adolf Eichmann in 1961 as an assertion of universal jurisdiction.

In 1989, their performance in Zagreb started with the Serbian instrument the gusle and in Belgrade, the NSK philosopher Peter Malkar held a speech as a cynical parody of Slobodan Milošević's speeches in SAP Kosovo.

: " The previously unrelased track " Predictions of Fire " which Laibach readily contributed to this compilation functioned in an early version as background to a 1994 speech of the NSK philosopher Peter Mlakar and is followed by an ecstatic dance orgy.

* Peter of Candia also known as Antipope Alexander V, philosopher and scholar.

* Peter Lombard ( c. 1100 – 1160 ), a scholastic philosopher and bishop of the 12th century