* Agis IV ( 265 BC – 241 BC ), a Spartan king ; Plutarch included a chapter on him in his Parallel Lives

* Plutarch Parallel Lives ( Aristides, Themistocles, Theseus ), On the Malice of Herodotus

Other noteworthy and famous Greek historians include Plutarch ( 2nd century AD ), who wrote several biographies, the Parallel Lives, in which he wanted to assess the morality of its characters by comparing them in pairs, and Polybius ( 3nd century BC ), who developed Thucydides's method further, becoming one of the most objective historians of classical antiquity.

* Plutarch, Parallel Lives ( Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans )

His earliest work was a biography of the Greek statesman Philopoemen ; this work was later used as a source by Plutarch when composing his Parallel Lives, however the original Polybian text is lost.

** Parallel Lives by Plutarch, particularly:

In his chapter on Romulus from Parallel Lives, Plutarch criticises the continuous belief in such disappearances, referring to the allegedly miraculous disappearance of the historical figures Romulus, Cleomedes of Astypalaea, and Croesus.

* Plutarch writes his Parallel Lives of Famous Men ( in Greek Βίοι Παράλληλοι ) containing fifty biographies, of which 46 are presented as pairs comparing Greek and Roman celebrities — for example Theseus and Romulus, Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, Demosthenes and Cicero.

* Plutarch, The Parallel Lives, The Life of Julius Caesar

* Plutarch, Parallel Lives, Solon

Epaminondas was one of approximately 50 ancient figures given an extensive biography by Plutarch in his Parallel Lives, in which he is paired with the Roman statesman Scipio Africanus ; however, both these " Lives " are now lost.

* Plutarch, Parallel Lives

* Plutarch, Parallel Lives ( Numa Pompilius ), v. 8. 6

* Plutarch, Parallel Lives ( Romulus, 14 – 20 )

* The Greek historian / biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea wrote the On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander the Great and " Life of Alexander " in his " Parallel Lives " series, paired with " Life of Julius Caesar "

* Plutarch, The Parallel Lives-The Life of Camillus:

Noteworthy in the Roman period were Strabo, a writer on geography ; Plutarch, the father of biography, whose Parallel Lives of famous Greeks and Romans is a chief source of information about great figures of antiquity ; Pausanias, a travel writer ; and Lucian, a satirist.

# Plutarch – Parallel Lives ; Moralia

However, Plutarch, who wrote about Eumenes in his series of Parallel Lives, mentions that it was about lodgings, and a flute-player, so perhaps this was an instance of some deeper antagonism breaking out into a quarrel over a triviality.

* Plutarch, Parallel Lives, Alexander, Eumenes

* Plutarch, Parallel Lives, " Demetrius ", " Pyrrhus ", " Aratus "

* Plutarch, Parallel Lives ; Themistocles, Aristides, Pericles, Cimon

* Plutarch, Parallel Lives

A third edition of his Plutarch was published, in 1603, with more translated Parallel Lives, and a supplement of other translated biographies.

* Plutarch " Lives "

* Plutarch, Lives, Bernadotte Perrin ( translator ), Cambridge, MA.

Most of these have been recorded by Plutarch ( Lives of Romulus, Numa Pompilius and Camillus ), Florus ( Book I, I ), Cicero ( The Republic VI, 22: Scipio's Dream ), Dio ( Dion ) Cassius and Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( L. 2 ).

* Plutarch ( Lives of Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Camillus )

Plutarch, on the other hand, was given to “ tendencies to stereotype, to polarize, and to exaggerate that are inherent in the propaganda surrounding his subjects .” Furthermore, because of the unlikelihood that Shakespeare would have had direct access to Plutarch ’ s Greek Lives and probably read them through a French translation from a Latin translation, his play, then, constructs Romans with an anachronistic Christian sensibility that might have been influenced by St. Augustine ’ s Confessions among others.

* Plutarch, Lives

The artistic unity of his work suffered severely from the frequent and lengthy digressions, of which the most important was On the Athenian Demagogues in the 10th book of the Philippica, containing a bitter attack on many of the chief Athenian statesmen, and generally recognized as having been freely used by Plutarch in several of the Lives.

Battle formations as described by Plutarch in his Life of Caesar c. 44

In an account by Plutarch, the catastrophic failure of the Sicilian expedition led Athenians to trade renditions of Euripides's lyrics to their enemies in return for food and drink ( Life of Nicias 29 ).

Plutarch is the source also for the story that the victorious Spartan generals, having planned the demolition of Athens and the enslavement of its people, grew merciful after being entertained at a banquet by lyrics from Euripides's play Electra: " they felt that it would be a barbarous act to annihilate a city which produced such men " ( Life of Lysander )

* Life of Otho ( Plutarch ; English translation )

It is based primarily upon the Life of Themistocles and Life of Aristides from Plutarch.

" ( Plutarch, Life of Cimon, quoted Burkert 1985, p. 206 ).

* ( Theoi Project ) Plutarch: Life of Theseus

In his Life of Caesar, Plutarch renders the name as Vergentorix.

* Plutarch, Life of Caesar 25-27

* Plutarch: Life of Alexander

Every autumn, according to Plutarch ( Life of Lycurgus, 28, 3 – 7 ), the Spartan ephors would pro forma declare war on the helot population so that any Spartan citizen could kill a helot without fear of blood or guilt ( crypteia ).

Plutarch in his " Life of Julius Caesar " gives a vivid description of how she entered past Ptolemy ’ s guards rolled up in a carpet that Apollodorus the Sicilian was carrying.

In his Life of Antony, Plutarch remarks that " judging by the proofs which she had had before this of the effect of her beauty upon Caius Caesar and Gnaeus the son of Pompey, she had hopes that she would more easily bring Antony to her feet.

* Doppelleben ( 1950 ); autobiography translated as Double Life ( edited, translated, and with a preface by Simona Draghici, Plutarch Press, 2002, ISBN 0-943045-19-3 ).

* Ian Scott-Kilvert, notes to Life of Tiberius Gracchus by Plutarch ; Penguin Classics

Plutarch, in his Life of the Roman general Aemilius Paulus, records that the victor over Macedon, when he beheld the statue, “ was moved to his soul, as if he had seen the god in person ,” while the 1st century AD Greek orator Dio Chrysostom declared that a single glimpse of the statue would make a man forget all his earthly troubles.

* Plutarch: The Life of Brutus

In his Life of Sertorius cited above, Plutarch recounts what he says to be a local myth, according to which Heracles consorted with Tinge after the death of Antaeus and had by her a son Sophax, who named a city in North Africa Tingis after his mother.

* Plutarch, Life of Pyrrhus, 1 ( 75 AD )

The only reward he would accept was a branch of the sacred olive, and a promise of perpetual friendship between Athens and Cnossus ( Plutarch, Life of Solon, 12 ; Aristotle, Ath.

Marius relaxed the recruitment policies by removing the necessity to own land, and allowed all Roman citizens entry, regardless of social class ( Plutarch, The Life of Marius ).

In his Life of Marius, Plutarch writes that Marius's return to power was a particularly brutal and bloody one, saying that the consul's " anger increased day by day and thirsted for blood, kept on killing all whom he held in any suspicion whatsoever.

Penia was also mentioned by other ancient Greek writers such as Alcaeus ( Fragment 364 ), Theognis ( Fragment 1 ; 267, 351, 649 ), Aristophanes ( Plutus, 414ff ), Herodotus, Plutarch ( Life of Themistocles ), and Philostratus ( Life of Appollonius ).