Pope Leo 13, on the 13th day of December 1898, granted the following indulgences: `` An indulgence of three hundred days is granted to all the Faithful who read the Holy Gospels at least a quarter of an hour.

This use of the title is said to have originated in the right conceded to the king of France, by the concordat between Pope Leo X and Francis I ( 1516 ), to appoint abbés commendataires to most of the abbeys in France.

The powerful Mariology of Ambrose of Milan influenced contemporary Popes like Pope Damasus and Siricius and later, Pope Leo the Great.

In 1884, he was created by Pope Leo XIII Archbishop of Caesarea in partibus and sent to India as an Apostolic Delegate to report on the establishment of the hierarchy there.

Pope Leo I requests Genseric not destroy the ancient city or murder its citizens.

In the list of popes given in the Holy See's annual directory, Annuario Pontificio, the following note is attached to the name of Pope Leo VIII ( 963 – 965 ): At this point, as again in the mid-eleventh century, we come across elections in which problems of harmonising historical criteria and those of theology and canon law make it impossible to decide clearly which side possessed the legitimacy whose factual existence guarantees the unbroken lawful succession of the successors of Saint Peter.

In 853, at the age of four, Alfred is said to have been sent to Rome where, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV who " anointed him as king ".

Algardi's first major commission came about in 1634, when Cardinal Ubaldini ( Medici ) contracted for a funeral monument for his great-uncle, Pope Leo XI, the third of the Medici popes, who had reigned for less than a month in 1605.

Algardi's large dramatic marble high-relief panel of Pope Leo and Attila ( 1646 – 53 ) for St Peter's Basilica was widely admired in his day, and reinvigorated the use of such marble reliefs.

* 1884 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum Genus.

** Pope Leo IX

* 1605 – Pope Leo XI ( b. 1535 )

* 1887 – On Easter Sunday, Pope Leo XIII authorizes the establishment of The Catholic University of America.

Pope Leo XIII ( Constitutio Universae Eccles., 29 December 1878 ) ordained that they should be written henceforth in ordinary Latin characters upon ordinary parchment, and that no abbreviations should be used except those easily understood.

By decree of pope Leo X they were created papal nobles, ranking as Comes palatinus (' Count Palatine '), familiars and members of the papal household, so that they might enjoy all the privileges of domestic prelates and of prelates in actual attendance on the Pope, as regards plurality of benefices as well as expectives.

Pope Leo XIII ( Motu Proprio, 4 July 1898 ) most solemnly decreed the abolition of all venality in the transfer or Collation of the said offices.

This can be clearly seen in the ministry of two popes: Pope Leo I in the 5th century, and Pope Gregory I in the 6th century.

Since Pope Leo XIII issued the bull Apostolicae Curae in 1896, the Catholic Church has insisted that Anglican orders are invalid because of changes in the Anglican ordination rites of the 16th century and divergence in understanding of the theology of priesthood, episcopacy and Eucharist.

The Benedictine Confederation, which was established in 1883 by Pope Leo XIII in his brief Summum semper, is the international governing body of the order, headed by the Abbot Primate.

Rather, in modern times, the various autonomous houses have formed themselves loosely into congregations ( for example, Cassinese, English, Solesmes, Subiaco, Camaldolese, Sylvestrines ) that in turn are represented in the Benedictine Confederation that came into existence through Pope Leo XIII's Apostolic Brief " Summum semper " on July 12, 1883.

He received some votes in the 1605 conclaves which elected Pope Leo XI, Pope Paul V, and in 1621 when Pope Gregory XV was elected, but only in the second conclave of 1605 was he papabile.

As Pope Martin V supported Sforza, Alfonso switched religious allegiance to the Aragonese antipope Benedict XIII.

File: Tomb of Pope Clement XIII Gregorovius. jpg | Tomb of Clement XIII

He was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those following Antipope Benedict XIII from Avignon, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader.

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Prussia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice ; however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland.

Here he remained, commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII to lecture on polemical theology in the new Roman College.

In 1883, Cyril was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Leo XIII.

Distributism ( also known as distributionism or distributivism ) is an economic philosophy that developed in England in the early 20th century based upon the principles of Catholic social teaching, especially the teachings of Pope Leo XIII in his encyclical Rerum Novarum and Pope Pius XI in Quadragesimo Anno.

In 1891 Pope Leo XIII promulgated Rerum Novarum, in which he addressed the " misery and wretchedness pressing so unjustly on the majority of the working class " and spoke of how " a small number of very rich men " had been able to " lay upon the teeming masses of the laboring poor a yoke little better than that of slavery itself .".

* Rerum Novarum ( 1891 ) papal encyclical by Pope Leo XIII

* Pope Benedict XIII

The two line poetic form as a closed couplet was also used by William Blake in his poem Auguries of Innocence and also by Byron ( Don Juan ( Byron ) XIII ); John Gay ( Fables ); Alexander Pope ( An Essay on Man ).

In more detail, the gradual shift to March 11 induced Pope Gregory XIII to create a modern Gregorian calendar.

The history of Italian cinema began just a few months after the Lumière brothers had patented their Cinematographe, when Pope Leo XIII was filmed for a few seconds in the act of blessing the camera.

* 1582 – Pope Gregory XIII announces the Gregorian calendar.

* 1649 – Pope Benedict XIII ( d. 1730 )

He moved to Rome, received a lifetime annuity from Pope Gregory XIII ( after first having been rejected by Pope Pius V ) and finished his autobiography.

In his Papal Bull Ad extirpanda of 1252, Pope Innocent IV authorised the Dominicans ' use of torture under prescribed circumstances.

The previous battles had largely been caused by attempts to destroy castles and sea trade routes and gain economic advantage in the region, and the crusade basically continued this pattern of conflict, albeit now inspired and prescribed by the Pope and undertaken by Papal knights and armed monks.

In contrast, the revision by Pope Pius XII, though limited to the liturgy of only five days of the Church's year, was much bolder, requiring changes even to canon law, which until then had prescribed that, with the exception of Midnight Mass for Christmas, Mass should not begin more than one hour before dawn or later than one hour after midday.

It adopted an anti-papal attitude, proclaimed the superiority of the Council over the Pope and prescribed an oath to be taken by every Pope on his election.

Driven out of Basel in 1448, they moved to Lausanne, where Felix V, the Pope they had elected and the only claimant to the papal throne who ever took the oath that they had prescribed, resigned.

Pope John Paul I dispensed with the 1000-year-old tradition of a papal coronation and the wearing of a papal tiara, deciding not to take advantage of the mention of a coronation in Pope Paul VI's 1975 Apostolic Constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo, then in force: " Finally, the Pontiff will be crowned by the Cardinal Protodeacon and, within an appropriate time, will take possession of the Patriarchal Archbasilica of the Lateran, in accordance with the prescribed ritual.

Pope Innocent III ( 1198 – 1216 ), Profession of Faith prescribed for the Waldensians: " With our hearts we believe and with our lips we confess but one Church, not that of the heretics, but the Holy Roman Catholic and Apostolic Church, outside which we believe that no one is saved " ( Denzinger 792 ).

Pope Pius IX The Syllabus of Errors, attached to Encyclical Quanta Cura, 1864: following are prescribed errors: " 16.

James Henry Pope ( 1837 – 1913 ) was appointed the organising inspector of Native Schools in January 1880 and he issued a Native Schools Code later in 1880 that prescribed a curriculum a, established qualifications for teachers, and standardised operation for the native schools.

A green uniform was later prescribed by Pope Pius IX.

This followed Cardinal Murphy-O ' Connor announcement on 9 July 2007 that, in accordance with the age limit of 75 years prescribed for bishops in the Code of Canon Law, he submitted his resignation to Pope Benedict XVI.

Jacoba del Monte, sister of Pope Julius III, was one of his patients ; and he prescribed also for Julius himself, to whose sick-bed he was later summoned.