He served on the faculty of Hebrew Union College ( HUC ), the main seminary of Reform Judaism, in Cincinnati for five years.

Conservative Judaism has its roots in the school of thought known as Positive-Historical Judaism, developed in 1850s Germany as a reaction to the more liberal religious positions taken by Reform Judaism.

Rather, it is sometimes employed by unaffiliated groups to indicate a range of beliefs and practices more liberal than is affirmed by the Orthodox, and more traditional than the more liberal Jewish denominations ( Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism ).

Like Reform Judaism, the Conservative movement developed in Europe and the United States in the 19th century, as Jews reacted to the changes brought about by the Enlightenment and Jewish emancipation, a confluence of events that lead to Haskalah, or the Jewish Enlightenment.

Its principal founder was Rabbi Zecharias Frankel, who had broken with the German Reform Judaism in 1845 over its rejection of the primacy of the Hebrew language in Jewish prayer and the rejection of the laws of kashrut.

Frankel rejected the innovations of Reform Judaism as insufficiently based in Jewish history and communal practice.

Its combination of modern innovation ( such as mixed gender seating ) and traditional practice particularly appealed to first and second-generation Eastern European Jewish immigrants, who found Orthodoxy too restrictive, but Reform Judaism foreign.

Working with this 1990s trend of diversity and institutional growth, Conservative Judaism remained the largest denomination in America, with 43 percent of Jewish households affiliated with a synagogue belonging to Conservative synagogues ( compared to 35 percent for Reform and 16 percent for Orthodox ).

However, Conservative Judaism also rejects the Reform view, that the Torah was not revealed but divinely inspired.

Conservative Jews believe that movements to its left, such as Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism, have erred by rejecting the traditional authority of Jewish law and tradition.

Conservative Judaism views the process by which Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism make changes to Jewish tradition as potentially invalid.

Thus, Conservative Judaism rejects patrilineal descent and would hold that a child of a non-Jewish mother who was raised as a Reform or Reconstructionist Jew is not legally Jewish and would have to undergo conversion to become a Jew.

and the seminary's former Chancellor, Rabbi Ismar Schorsch, complained of the movement's " erosion of fidelity to Halacha ... brings close to Reform Judaism.

* Reform Judaism

" The 1976 Centenary Platform of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, an organization of Reform rabbis agrees that " Judaism emphasizes action rather than creed as the primary expression of a religious live.

The three largest Jewish denominations — Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism — maintain the belief that the Jews have been chosen by God for a purpose.

" On August 13, 2002 American Catholic bishops issued a joint statement with leaders of Reform and Conservative Judaism, called " Reflections on Covenant and Mission ", which affirmed that Christians should not target Jews for conversion.

Reform Judaism and Reconstructionist Judaism both hold that modern views of how the Torah and rabbinic law developed imply that the body of rabbinic Jewish law is no longer normative ( seen as binding ) on Jews today.

" Modern critics, however, have charged that with the rise of movements that challenge the " Divine " authority of halakha, traditional Jews have greater reluctance to change, not only the laws themselves but also other customs and habits, than traditional Rabbinical Judaism did prior to the advent of Reform in the 19th century.

Originally established as a Reform synagogue in 1938 ( then called Temple Emanuel ) Emanuel Synagogue is now a very large, explicitly pluralist congregation affiliated to Masorti Olami as well as the Progressive and Renewal movements.

Similar movements that are also occasionally called " Reform " include the Israeli Progressive Movement and its worldwide counterpart.

The Congress passed the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act ( BCRA ), also called the McCain-Feingold bill after its chief sponsors, John McCain and Russ Feingold.

Other reform measures were passed later during the 19th century ; as a result, the Reform Act 1832 is sometimes called the First, or Great Reform Act.

Former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney called the party " Reform in pantyhose ", and some opponents referred to the party as the " Reform Alliance " to enforce this perception.

One day later, the party changed its official name to the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance, but was almost always called simply " the Canadian Alliance " or " the Alliance ".

While original drafts of the 1999 statement called for Reform Jews to consider re-adopting some traditional practices on a voluntary basis, later drafts removed most of these suggestions.

The Conservative movement, however, has clashed with Orthodoxy over its refusal to recognize the Conservative and Reform movements as legitimate, and in February 1997 Rabbi Ismar Schorsch, the Chancellor of the Jewish Theological Seminary, claimed that Orthodox organizations in Israel politically discriminate against non-Orthodox Jews, and called on Reform and Conservative Jews, as well as the Jewish Federations throughout the United States, to stop funding Orthodox organizations and institutions that disagree with the Conservative view of pluralism.

In this election, called when Tory MP John Dahmer died, Reform Party candidate Deborah Grey won by a hefty 4, 200 votes after finishing fourth in the general election just five months earlier.

The Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 (), also known as the ' Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act ' ( in the Senate ) and ' Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act ' ( in the House ) and more commonly called Sarbanes – Oxley, Sarbox or SOX, is a United States federal law that set new or enhanced standards for all U. S. public company boards, management and public accounting firms.

The Staggers Act followed the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 ( often called the " 4R Act "), which reduced federal regulation of railroads and authorized implementation details for Conrail, the newly-created northeastern railroad system.

The Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976, often called the " 4R Act ," is a United States federal law that established the basic outlines of regulatory reform in the railroad industry and provided transitional operating funds following the 1970 bankruptcy of Penn Central Transportation Company.

There was a Marxist offshoot called the Prohibition and Reform Party, which later became part of the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1920.

Housing issues in Hammersmith and Fulham gained greater publicity after Cllr Greenhalgh co-authored the Localism policy paper Principles of Social Housing Reform in 2009 which called for a move to “ near market rents ” and an end to lifelong secure tenancies for council housing tenants.

* Blackstarr – Rachel Berkowitz discovers the secrets of the Unified Field Theory and employs it to manipulate reality as the leader of a group of neo-Nazis called the Party For Social Reform.

In the latter part of the nineteenth century, North College Hill was the home of Dr. Isaac Mayer Wise, who has been called “ the most prominent Jew of his time in the United States ” for his influence as one of the early leaders of Reform Judaism in America.

This book, too, called forth much discussion, in which Reform rabbis like Levi Herzfeld took a stand opposed to Holdheim's.

Thus, in Europe of the early 19th century, all of Judaism that differed from the strictest forms present at the time was called " Reform ".

The Union of Reform Judaism, the congregational arm of American Reform Judaism, has created a project called Seeking Peace, Pursuing Justice.

More temperately than in the study of Grey and despite his Liberal bias, Trevelyan vividly sketches the England of pre-French Revolution days, portrays the stresses and strains of the revolutionary period in rich colors, and brings developments leading to the Reform Bill into sharp and clear focus.

After engineering the defeat of a Liberal Reform Bill introduced by Gladstone in 1866, Disraeli and Derby introduced their own measure in 1867.

After a brief Conservative interlude ( during which the Second Reform Act was passed by agreement between the parties ), Gladstone won a huge victory at the 1868 election and formed the first Liberal government.

The Third Reform Act also facilitated the demise of the Whig old guard: in two-member constituencies, it was common to pair a Whig and a radical under the Liberal banner.

The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party is a European political party mainly active in the European Union, composed of 52 national-level liberal and liberal-democratic parties from across Europe.

In March 1976, the Federation of Liberal and Democrat Parties in Europe was established, which gradually evolved into the ELDR Party with a matching group in the European Parliament, the Group of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party.

It is a member of the Liberal International and European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, and is the joint-largest member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group in the European Parliament.

Fianna Fáil joined the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party on 16 April 2009, and has sat in its associated Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group in the European Parliament since the 2009 European elections.

American Reform Judaism and British Liberal Judaism accept the child of one Jewish parent ( father or mother ) as Jewish if the parents raise the child with a Jewish identity.

In Central Europe, followed by Great Britain and the United States, Reform Judaism and Liberal Judaism developed, relaxing legal obligations ( especially those that limited Jewish relations with non-Jews ), emulating Protestant decorum in prayer, and emphasizing the ethical values of Judaism's Prophetic tradition.

After Federation in 1901, the Protectionists renamed themselves Progressives, while the Free Traders became the Liberal Reform Party.

< tr bgcolor ="# DDEEFF ">< td > 16 < td > Sir Joseph Carruthers < td > Liberal Reform < td > 30 August 1904 < td > 2 October 1907

UK Reform and Liberal Judaism are the two Progressive movements in the UK.

UK Reform, UK Liberal Judaism and Israeli Progressive Movement can all trace their intellectual roots to the Reform movement in Judaism.

Although North American Reform, UK Reform, UK Liberal Judaism and Israeli Progressive Judaism all share an intellectual heritage, they have taken places at different ends of the non-orthodox spectrum.

The North American Reform movement and UK Liberal Judaism reflect a more radical end.

More specifically, FF was a centre right " catch all " party and later joined the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, AN was a moderate-conservative party and eventually joined the European People's Party through The People of Freedom, and Lega Nord was supportive of a " Europe of Regions ".

The Liberal Party of Canada is the only genuine national political party that remains while the regionally based parties such as the Quebec-based Bloc Québécois and the almost entirely Western Canada-based Reform Party of Canada rise from political insignificance to being major political parties.

However its appeals to working class solidarity were not effective because a large fraction of the working class voted for conservative candidates of the Liberal and Reform parties.

VVD MEPs are part of the European Liberal, Democrat and Reform Party and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe EP group.