The Space Merchants, like such humanist documents as Joseph Wood Krutch's The Measure Of Man and C. S. Lewis's The Abolition Of Man, considers what may result from the scientific study of human nature.

In the Space To Care study aimed at improving hospital design for children, researchers from the University of Sheffield polled 250 children regarding their opinions on clowns ; all 250 children in the study, whose ages ranged between four and sixteen, reported that they found clowns frightening and disliked clowns as part of hospital decor.

NASA's Advanced Automation for Space Missions study directly inspired the science fiction novel Code of the Lifemaker ( 1983 ) by author James P. Hogan.

The facilities at the centre, initially labelled ESDAC ( European Space Data Acquisition Centre ), were essentially a large mainframe computer or computers, which was made available both to its in-house staff and to visiting scientists and fellows who wished to use them to analyse and study the recovered data.

A detailed study into SSTO vehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970 – 1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341.

* Advanced Automation for Space Missions, a 1980 NASA study edited by Robert Freitas

** STS-45: Space Shuttle Atlantis takes off from Cape Canaveral carrying instruments designed to study global warming.

** STS-39: Space Shuttle Discovery lifts off from Cape Canaveral to study instruments related to the Strategic Defense Initiative.

Space telescopes allowed astronomers to study light emitted beyond the visible spectrum which is not detectable from ground-based observatories ( because only radio waves and visible light penetrate the Earth's atmosphere ).

The Joint Space Operations Center, part of United States Strategic Command ( formerly the United States Space Command ), currently tracks more than 8, 500 objects larger than 10 cm in LEO, however a limited Arecibo Observatory study suggested there could be approximately one million objects larger than 2 millimeters, which are too small to be visible from Earth.

Space stations are used to study the effects of long-term space flight on the human body as well as to provide platforms for greater number and length of scientific studies than available on other space vehicles.

* Cluster mission, a European Space Agency mission to study the magnetosphere

Ulysses is a decommissioned robotic space probe that was designed to study the Sun as a joint venture of NASA and the European Space Agency ( ESA ).

The concept was first explored in the US by Robert Salkeld, who published the first study on the concept in Mixed-Mode Propulsion for the Space Shuttle, Astronautics & Aeronautics August 1971.

Three decades later, after serving 24 years in the United States Senate, Glenn lifted off for a second space flight on October 29, 1998, on Space Shuttle Discovery's STS-95, in order to study the effects of space flight on the elderly.

* National Launch System, a 1991 Space Shuttle alternative study

Giotto was a European robotic spacecraft mission from the European Space Agency, intended to fly by and study Halley's Comet.

In discussing the study of target demographics, Mizuguchi related the story of designing Space Channel 5, which was at first a vague assignment from Sega that asked only that Mizuguchi design a game with a broad enough appeal to draw in even casual female gamers.

Among other things, Oberth was involved in writing the study, The Development of Space Technology in the Next Ten Years.

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, initially called the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope ( GLAST ), is an international and multi-agency space observatory used to study the cosmos It was launched June 11, 2008, with a design life of 5 years and the goal of 10 years.

Similarly, a 1972 ground-breaking study by Oscar Newman on a Defensible Space Theory described ways to improve the social environment and security of neighbourhoods and streets.

Easily the best known of these three novels is The Space Merchants, a good example of a science-fiction dystopia which extrapolates much more than the impact of science on human life, though its most important warning is in this area, namely as to the use to which discoveries in the behavioral sciences may be put.

The Apollo program was the third human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ), the United States ' civilian space agency.

The program laid the foundation for NASA's current human spaceflight capability, and funded construction of its Johnson Space Center and Kennedy Space Center.

For instance, David Hume famously regarded Space and Time as nothing more than psychological facts about human beings, which would effectively reduce Space and Time to ideas, which are properties of humans ( substances ).

Advanced Automation for Space Missions, edited by Robert Freitas, to produce a detailed proposal for self-replicating factories to develop lunar resources without requiring additional launches or human workers on-site.

The American Vision for Space Exploration, originally introduced by President George W. Bush and put into practice through the Constellation program, had as a long term goal to eventually send human astronauts to Mars.

The John F. Kennedy Space Center ( KSC ) is the United States launch site that has been used for every NASA human space flight since 1968.

The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, operated by Delaware North since 1995, has a variety of exhibits, artifacts, displays and attractions on the history and future of human and robotic spaceflight.

Nevertheless, in many Known Space stories, ARM agents operate or exert influence in other human star systems through the " Bureau of Alien Affairs " ( see In the Hall of the Mountain King, Procrustes, The Borderland of Sol, and " Neutron Star ").

A participant in the U. S. Air Force's Man in Space Soonest and X-20 Dyna-Soar human spaceflight programs, Armstrong joined the NASA Astronaut Corps in 1962.

The planet's climate is warmer than that preferred by several species — human and Bajoran characters, among others, make comments throughout Star Trek: Deep Space Nine's run about Cardassians ' preference for heat, while characters like Elim Garak complain about the uncomfortably cool temperatures preferred by non-Cardassians.

Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites.

In 1928 Slovenian Herman Potočnik ( 1892 – 1929 ) published his sole book, The Problem of Space Travel — The Rocket Motor ( German: Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums — der Raketen-Motor ), a plan for a breakthrough into space and a permanent human presence there.

* October 30 – This is the final date during which there is no human presence in space ; on October 31, Soyuz TM-31 launches, carrying the first resident crew to the International Space Station.

* The Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union gave a peaceful outlet to the political and military tensions of the Cold War, leading to the first human spaceflight with the Soviet Union's Vostok 1 mission in 1961, and man's first landing on another world — the Moon — with America's Apollo 11 mission in 1969.

The opening scene of Kubrick's movie 2001: A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) depicted prehistoric ape-like men wielding weapons of war, as the tools that supposedly lifted them out of their animal state and made them human.

* Aurora programme, a human spaceflight programme of the European Space Agency

The third view, which von Guericke discusses at length, but does not attribute to any individual, is that Space is a creation of the human Imagination.

MSI's Henry Crown Space Center includes the Apollo 8 spacecraft, which flew the first mission beyond low earth orbit to the Moon, enabling its crew, Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders to become the first human beings to see the Earth as a whole, as well as becoming the first to view the Moon up close ( as well as the first to view its farside at all ).

As of 2011, Soyuz derivatives provide much of mankind's human spaceflight capability and are used to ferry personnel and supplies to and from the International Space Station.