Hayek saw the British philosophers Bernard Mandeville, David Hume, Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson, Josiah Tucker, Edmund Burke and William Paley as representative of a tradition that articulated beliefs in empiricism, the common law, and in traditions and institutions which had spontaneously evolved but were imperfectly understood.

William Paley famously argued, in his 1802 watchmaker analogy, that complexity in nature implies a God for the same reason that the existence of a watch implies the existence of a watchmaker.

Notably, Behe credits philosopher William Paley for the original concept, not von Bertalanffy, and suggests that his application of the concept to biological systems is entirely original.

As previously indicated, this argument is merely a restatement of the Reverend William Paley ’ s argument applied at the cell level.

These would later help influence the work of William Paley ( see below ).

William Paley gave a well-known rendition of the teleological argument for God.

Other historical non-Sabbatarians from more recent times include the Anglicans Peter Heylin, William Paley and John Milton ; the nonconformist Philip Doddridge ; the Quaker Robert Barclay ; and Congregationalist James Baldwin Brown.

William Paley developed these ideas with his version of the watch maker analogy.

He developed an early version of the watchmaker analogy, which was later developed by William Paley.

William Paley presented the watchmaker analogy in his Natural Theology ( 1802 ).

Gay ’ s theological utilitarianism was developed and popularized by William Paley.

It has been claimed that Paley was not a very original thinker and that the philosophical part of his treatise on ethics is “ an assemblage of ideas developed by others and is presented to be learned by students rather than debated by colleagues .” Nevertheless, his book The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy ( 1785 ) was a required text at Cambridge and Smith says that Paley ’ s writings were “ once as well known in American colleges as were the readers and spellers of William McGuffey and Noah Webster in the elementary schools .” Although now largely missing from the philosophical canon, Schneewind writes that " utilitarianism first became widely known in England through the work of William Paley.

He also argued that if the “ average happiness enjoyed remains undiminished, Utilitarianism directs us to make the number enjoying it as great as possible .” This was also the view taken earlier by William Paley.

File: William-Paley. png | William Paley

William Paley ( July 1743 – 25 May 1805 ) was an English Christian apologist, philosopher, and utilitarian.

The Mind of William Paley, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1976.

* Meadley, G. W. Memoirs of William Paley, to which is Added an Appendix, London, 1809.

* Paley, E. An Account of the Life and Writings of William Paley,, Farnborough: Gregg, 1970 ; originally, this was the first volume of The Works of William Paley, London, 1825.

He attended the anatomical lectures of Sir William Blizard ( 1743 – 1835 ) at the London Hospital, and was employed to assist as demonstrator ; he also attended Percivall Pott's surgical lectures at St Bartholomew's Hospital, as well as the lectures of John Hunter.

Randolph attended the College of William and Mary, and later studied law at Middle Temple at the Inns of Court in London, becoming a member of the bar in 1743.

Malthus also constructed his case as a specific response to writings of William Godwin ( 1756 – 1836 ) and of the Marquis de Condorcet ( 1743 – 1794 ).

" Unlike the other Colonial colleges that existed in 1743 — Harvard, William and Mary, and Yale — Franklin's new school would not focus merely on education for the clergy.

* William I, Elector of Hesse ( 1743 – 1821 )

* December 17 – William Peery, American farmer and lawyer ( b. 1743 )

* May 25 – William Paley, English philosopher ( b. 1743 )

Chatelherault Country Park | Chatelherault, built by William Adam ( architect ) | William Adam in 1743 as the James Douglas-Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton | Duke of Hamilton's hunting lodge.

**** HRH Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh ( 1743 – 1805 )

The tapestry was first briefly noted in English in 1743 by William Stukeley, in his Palaeographia Britannica.

These included leading figures of the European ' Enlightenment ' including the philosophers Voltaire, 1694 – 1778 ) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1712 – 1778 ); the future US Presidents John Adams ( 1735 – 1826 ) and Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 – 1826 ); Benjamin Franklin ( 1706 – 1790 ); the German landscape artist Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau ; the Italian statesman Giuseppe Garibaldi ( 1807 – 1882 ); Russian Tsars Nicholas I ( 1796 – 1855 ) and Alexander I ( 1777 – 1825 ); the king of Persia ; Queen Victoria ( 1819 – 1901 ) and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg ( 1819 – 61 ); Sir Walter Scott ( 1771 – 1832 ); Prince Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau ( 1740 – 1817 ); Prime Ministers William Ewart Gladstone ( 1809 – 1898 ) and Sir Robert Walpole ( 1676 – 1745 ); Queen Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach ( 1683 – 1737 ); John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute ( 1713 – 92 ) his architect William Burges ( 1827 – 1881 ) and the present Prince of Wales and Princess Margaret.

* Prince William ( 1743 – 1805 ), 1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh ( 1764 – 1805 ).

In 1739 William inherited the estates formerly owned by the Nassau-Dillenburg branch of his family, and in 1743 he inherited those formerly owned by the Nassau-Siegen branch of his family.

* William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex ( 1697 – 1743 )

** William Melmoth " the elder ", devotional writer and lawyer ( died 1743 )

He was married three times, and left daughter Anne ( d. 1743 ) and two sons: William ( 1690 – 1760 ), who succeeded to his father's titles and estates, and Henry Charles ( c. 1700-1762 ), who enjoyed the same dignities for a short time after his brother's death.

The room is furnished with statuary ; the dominating piece a larger than life statue of William Shakespeare designed by William Kent in 1743.

He took up William Congreve's libretto for the 1707 John Eccles opera Semele, writing the music in a month, from 3 June to 4 July 1743.

* 1743 / 44 William Goodwin William Foulds

* 1849 – John William Waterhouse, British painter ( d. 1917 )

* 1864 – William Bate Hardy, British biochemist ( d. 1934 )

* 1909 – William M. Branham, American evangelist ( d. 1965 )

* 1705 – William Cookworthy, English chemist ( d. 1780 )

* 1856 – William Martin Conway, English art critic and mountaineer ( d. 1937 )

* 1874 – William B. Bankhead, American politician ( d. 1940 )

* 1802 – William Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy see a " long belt " of daffodils, inspiring the former to pen I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.

* 1776 – The Battle of Long Island: in what is now Brooklyn, New York, British forces under General William Howe defeat Americans under General George Washington.

* 1939 – William Least Heat-Moon, American author

* 1890 – At Auburn Prison in New York, murderer William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed by electric chair.

* 1766 – William Hyde Wollaston, English chemist ( d. 1828 )

* 1891 – William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim, English general, 13th Governor-General of Australia ( d. 1970 )

* 1722 – Prince Augustus William of Prussia ( d. 1758 )

* 1911 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1996 )

* 1666 – William Wotton, English scholar ( d. 1727 )

* 1790 – William Wentworth, Australian explorer and politician ( d. 1872 )

* 1877 – William Brennaugh, Canadian lacrosse player ( d. 1934 )

* 1911 – William Bernbach, American advertiser, co-founder of DDB Worldwide ( d. 1982 )

* 1872 – William Frederick Horry, English convicted murderer ( b. 1843 )

* Sir William Buell Richards ( Chief Justice ) – September 30, 1875

* William Alexander Henry – September 30, 1875

* Sir William Johnstone Ritchie – September 30, 1875

* 1770 – William Clark, American soldier, explorer, and politician ( d. 1838 )

* 1809 – William B. Travis, American lawyer and soldier ( d. 1836 )

* 1770 – Frederick William III of Prussia ( d. 1840 )