The first reference to card games in world history dates from the 9th century, when the Collection of Miscellanea at Duyang, written by Tang Dynasty writer Su E, described Princess Tongchang, daughter of Emperor Yizong of Tang, playing the " leaf game " in 868 with members of the Wei clan, the family of the princess ' husband.

* Grand Empress Dowager Zheng ( 859-865 ), during the reign of Emperor Yizong

: 883: 1 occurrence, to Nanzhao ( second daughter of Emperor Yizong of Tang ).

Uskhal Khan ( Төгс Төмөр хаан ), born Tögüs Temür ( temple name: 益宗, Yizong ; r. 1378 – 1388 ), was a Mongol Emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia.

The next day, Emperor Xuānzong's death was announced, and Li Cui became emperor ( as Emperor Yizong ).

** Li Wen ( 李溫 ) ( b. 833 ), name later changed to Li Cui ( 李漼 ) ( changed 859 ), the Prince of Yun ( created 846 ), later the Crown Prince ( created 859 ), later Emperor Yizong of Tang

Emperor Yizong of Western Xia ( 1047 – 1067 ) was Emperor of the Western Xia from 1048 to 1067.

Eras of Emperor Yizong

** Yelü Bei ( 耶律倍 ) ( b. 900 ), King of Dongdan, name later changed to Dongdan Zanhua ( 東丹慕華 ) then to Li Zanhua ( 李贊華 ) ( killed by Li Congke 937 ), posthumously initially honored King Wenwuyuan, then as Emperor Rangguo, then as Emperor Wenxian, then as Emperor Wenxian Qinyi with the temple name Yizong

Wang Shenzhi was born in 862, during the reign of Emperor Yizong.

* Eudokia Angelina, who married ( 1 ) King Stefan I Prvovenčani of Serbia, then ( 2 ) Emperor Alexios V Doukas, and ( 3 ) Leo Sgouros, ruler of Corinth.

After his education, Alexei married, albeit greatly against his will Princess Charlotte of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, whose family was connected by marriage to many of the great families of Europe i. e., Charlotte's sister Elizabeth was married to Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy.

Axayacatl ( ( the name means " Water-mask " or " Water-face ") was the sixth Aztec Emperor, a ruler ( tlatoani ) of the Postclassic Mesoamerican Aztec Empire and city of Tenochtitlan, who reigned from 1469 to 1481.

Boudica's husband Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni tribe, who had ruled as a nominally independent ally of Rome, left his kingdom jointly to his daughters and the Roman Emperor in his will.

At the time, Shogun Tokugawa Ieyoshi was the de-facto ruler of Japan ; for the Emperor to interact in any way with foreigners was out of the question.

The role of the Emperor of Japan has historically alternated between a largely ceremonial symbolic role and that of an actual imperial ruler.

The government led by Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, conferred the additional title upon her by an Act of Parliament, reputedly to assuage the monarch's irritation at being, as a mere Queen, notionally inferior to her own daughter ( Princess Victoria was the wife of the reigning German Emperor ); the Indian Imperial designation was also formally justified as the expression of Britain succeeding as paramount ruler of the subcontinent the former Mughal ' Padishah of Hind ', using indirect rule through hundreds of princely states formally under protection, not colonies, but accepting the British Sovereign as their suzerain.

In the end, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh unified the country after defeating all the warlords and became the first ruler of Dai Viet to use the title Hoàng Đế ( 皇帝, Emperor ) in 968.

Sometimes an empire is a semantic construction, such as when a ruler assumes the title of " Emperor ".

He was the son of Emperor Jomei, but was preceded as ruler by his mother Empress Saimei.

In Kitabatake Chikafusa's 14th century account of Emperor Yōzei's reign, the emperor is described as possessing a " violent disposition " and unfit to be a ruler.

On March 25, 1889, the Shewa ruler Menelik II — having conquered Tigray and Amhara, declared himself Emperor of Ethiopia ( Abyssinia in the European parlance of the time ).

When Otto died in 1218, Fredrick became the undisputed ruler, and in 1220 was crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

Rudolph had become King of Germany / Holy Roman Emperor in 1273, and the dynasty of the House of Habsburg was truly entrenched in 1276 when Rudolph became sovereign ruler of Austria, which the Habsburgs ruled for the next six centuries.

* 1215 – Zhongdu ( now Beijing ), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.

According to Coleridge's Preface to Kubla Khan, the poem was composed one night after he experienced an opium influenced dream after reading a work describing Xanadu, the summer palace of the Mongol ruler and Emperor of China Kublai Khan.

* 313 – Emperor Jin Huidi is executed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state ( Han Zhao ).

The Emperor accused the Polish ruler of an illegal coronation as King and declared him a usurper.

In October 1028, the Emperor's opportunity came as the Lutici district of Pöhlde asked the Emperor to defend against the attacks of Mieszko II, promising support in the fight against the Polish ruler.

Probably in 985 the Polish ruler ended his support for the Bavarian duke and moved to the side of the Emperor.

One year later, the Polish ruler had a personal meeting with the Emperor, an event mentioned in the Annals of Hersfeld:

The chronicler claims that a settlement was then concluded between the Emperor and the Bohemian ruler Boleslav II the Pious, which is not mentioned in any other source and is contrary to the realities of the political situation at that time.

In addition to their promised allegiance to the other, Louis and Charles pledged their solidarity to oppose their eldest brother Lothair, ruler of Middle Francia and, nominally, emperor of all the Carolingian Empire Frankish kingdoms as well as Holy Roman Emperor.

Oromo ruler Iyasu V of Ethiopia | Iyasu V ( Lij Iyasu ), Emperor of Ethiopia from 1913 – 16.

In 800 Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish ruler Charlemagne as Roman Emperor, a major step toward establishing what later became known as the Holy Roman Empire ; from that date onward the popes claimed the prerogative to crown the Emperor, though the right fell into disuse after the coronation of Charles V in 1530.

* Chongzong Emperor, ruler of Northwest China ( Western Xia )

* Huizong Emperor, ruler of Northwest China ( Western Xia )

* Jingzong Emperor, ruler of Northwest China ( Western Xia )

Through William's efforts the German Emperor finally chose the Haro Strait as the Northwest boundary between the U. S. and Canada ; the U. S. received the San Juan Islands.

Her voice is heard in Narita Airport Northwest Airlines lounges and as the English guidance for the Emperor Showa Memorial Museum.

* 1871 – Guangxu Emperor of China ( d. 1908 )

* 1378 – Hongxi Emperor of China ( d. 1425 )

* 1582 – Taichang Emperor, of China ( d. 1620 )

* 1521 – Zhengde Emperor of China ( b. 1491 )

* 1644 – The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming Dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.

In China, the Hongwu Emperor created and refined a document he called Ancestral Injunctions ( first published in 1375, revised twice more before his death in 1398 ).

Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the Emperor of China to directly control vast territories.

Ming China under the reign of the Yongle Emperor

Emperor Yong-le strenuously tried to extend China's influence beyond its borders by demanding other rulers send ambassadors to China to present tribute.

In 1449 Esen Tayisi led an Oirat Mongol invasion of northern China which culminated in the capture of the Zhengtong Emperor at Tumu.

Between 1673 and 1681, the Emperor Kangxi suppressed an uprising of three generals in Southern China who had been denied hereditary rule to large fiefdoms granted by the previous emperor ; he also put down a Ming restorationist invasion from Taiwan, called the Revolt of the Three Feudatories.

A Tale of Two Melons: Emperor and Subject in Ming China.

Chaste widows were revered as heroes during the Ming and Qing periods, and were deemed so central to China ’ s culture and the fate of all peoples, the Yongle Emperor distributed 10, 000 copies of the Biographies of Exemplary Women ( Lienü Zhuan ) to various non-Chinese countries for their moral instruction.

Mail was introduced to China when its allies in Central Asia paid tribute to the Tang Emperor in 718 by giving him a coat of " link armour " assumed to be mail.

Chiang Kai-shek considered both the Han Chinese and all the minority peoples of China, the Five Races Under One Union, as descendants of Huangdi, the Yellow Emperor and semi mythical founder of the Chinese nation, and belonging to the Chinese Nation Zhonghua Minzu and he introduced this into Kuomintang ideology, which was propagated into the educational system of the Republic of China.

Statue of Yang Guifei ( 719-756 ), the favoured concubine of Emperor Tang Xuanzong of China.

A European painting of an Emperor of China inspecting his fantasy fishing fleet with his concubines

For example, in one of the Four Great Classical Novels of China, The Dream of the Red Chamber ( believed to be a semi-autobiographical account of author Cao Xueqin's own family life ), three generations of the Jia family are supported by one favorite concubine of the Emperor.

Emperor Yingzong of Song ordered Sima Guang and other scholars to begin compiling this universal history of China in 1065 and they presented it to his successor Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1084.

The oldest confirmed written mention of dominoes in China comes from the Former Events in Wulin ( i. e. the capital Hangzhou ) written by the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 – 1368 ) author Zhou Mi ( 1232 – 1298 ), who listed " pupai " ( gambling plaques or dominoes ) as well as dice as items sold by peddlers during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song ( r. 1162 – 1189 ).

* 1377 – Jianwen, Emperor of China ( d. 1402 )

* 1447 – Chenghua, Emperor of China ( d. 1487 )