The epigraph at the beginning of the poem is the phrase Vicisti, Galilaee, Latin for " You have conquered, O Galilean ", the apocryphal dying words of the Emperor Julian.

Books 2 – 6 of the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi, a Latin prose narrative of the same events apparently compiled by Richard, a canon of Holy Trinity, London, are closely related to Ambroise's poem.

On the other hand, one might posit a poem which is composed by a literate scribe, who acquired literacy by way of learning Latin ( and absorbing Latinate culture and ways of thinking ), probably a monk and therefore profoundly Christian in outlook.

* Catullus translations: Catullus's work in Latin and multiple ( ten or more ) modern languages, including scanned versions of every poem

Arguably the most famous elegiac couplet in Latin is his two-line 85th poem Odi et Amo:

It was the first Latin poem to adopt the dactylic hexameter metre used in Greek epic and didactic poetry, leading it to become the standard metre for these genres in Latin poetry.

Hadrian wrote poetry in both Latin and Greek ; one of the few surviving examples is a Latin poem he reportedly composed on his deathbed ( see below ).

Although Virgil died before he could put the finishing touches on his poem, it was soon recognized as the greatest work of Latin literature.

The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius ( ca.

In 1763, at the age of 17, Jones wrote the poem Caissa in Latin hexameters, based on a 658-line poem called " Scacchia, Ludus " published in 1527 by Marco Girolamo Vida, giving a mythical origin of chess that has become well known in the chess world.

The journey of the Trojan survivor Aeneas and his resettling of Trojan refugees in Italy are the subject of the Latin epic poem The Aeneid by Virgil.

In the United States, Virgil and specifically the Aeneid were taught in the fourth year of a Latin sequence, at least until the 1960s ; the current ( 2011 ) Advanced Placement curriculum in Latin continues to assign a central position to the poem: " The AP Latin: Virgil Exam is designed to test the student's ability to read, translate, understand, analyze, and interpret the lines of the Aeneid that appear on the course syllabus in Latin.

As a result, many phrases from this poem entered the Latin language, much as passages from Shakespeare and Alexander Pope have entered the English language.

Dow included Latin distichs and quotations in praise of Byrd in his manuscript collection of music ( GB Och 984-8 ) while Baldwin included a long doggerel poem in his commonplace book ( GB Lbm Roy App 24 d 2 ) ranking Byrd at the head of the musicians of his day:

An early twelfth-century Latin poem refers to a queened pawn as a ferzia, as opposed to the original queen or regina, to account for this.

The main ancient source for the story is the Aeneid of Virgil, a Latin epic poem from the time of Augustus.

They may both come from the hypothetical Late Latin * tropāre “ to compose, to invent a poem ” by regular phonetic change.

* The Argonautica by Gaius Valerius Flaccus, a first-century AD Latin epic poem.

It may be thought unfortunate that he was called on entirely by accident to perform, if again we may trust the opening of the oratio, for it marks the beginning for us of his use of his peculiar form of witty word play that even in this Latin banter has in it the unmistakable element of viciousness and an almost sadistic delight in verbally tormenting an adversary.

But the Latin American republics who have been rather inclined to drag their feet on taking action against Castro also reacted swiftly last week by finally throwing Cuba off the Inter-American Defense Board.

Political interference in Africa and Asia and even in Latin America ( though limited in Latin America by the special interest of the United States as expressed in the Monroe Doctrine, itself from the outset related to European politics and long dependent upon the `` balance of power '' system in Europe ) was necessary in order to preserve both common economic values and the European `` balance '' itself.

During the nineteenth century these views were protested by virtually all the Latin American writers, though ineffectively, just as the new nations of Africa and Asia protest them, with more effect, today.

Most of them, the world over, operate on the same principle by which justice is administered in France and some other Latin countries: the customer is to be considered guilty of abysmal ignorance until proven otherwise, with the burden of proof on the customer himself.

With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, interest in Aristotle revived and Latin Christians had translations made, both from Arabic translations, such as those by Gerard of Cremona, and from the original Greek, such as those by James of Venice and William of Moerbeke.

However, while Apollo has a great number of appellations in Greek myth, only a few occur in Latin literature, chief among them Phoebus ( ; Φοίβος, Phoibos, literally " radiant "), which was very commonly used by both the Greeks and Romans in Apollo's role as the god of light.

Some adaptations of the Latin alphabet are augmented with ligatures, such as æ in Old English and Icelandic and Ȣ in Algonquian ; by borrowings from other alphabets, such as the thorn þ in Old English and Icelandic, which came from the Futhark runes ; and by modifying existing letters, such as the eth ð of Old English and Icelandic, which is a modified d. Other alphabets only use a subset of the Latin alphabet, such as Hawaiian, and Italian, which uses the letters j, k, x, y and w only in foreign words.

The names were abandoned in Latin, which instead referred to the letters by adding a vowel ( usually e ) before or after the consonant ( the exception is zeta, which was retained from Greek ).

The name Asia Minor was given by the Latin author Orosios in the 4th century AD.

The separation of curium and americium was so painstaking that those elements were initially called by the Berkeley group as pandemonium ( from Greek for all demons or hell ) and delirium ( from Latin for madness ).

Romansh, spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland, is an ancient Rheato-Romanic language derived from Latin, remnants of ancient Celtic languages and perhaps Etruscan.

The traditional etymology is from the Latin aperire, " to open ," in allusion to its being the season when trees and flowers begin to " open ," which is supported by comparison with the modern Greek use of ἁνοιξις ( anoixis ) ( opening ) for spring.

A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.

Galileo announced his discovery that Venus had phases like the Moon in the form " Haec immatura a me iam frustra leguntur-oy " ( Latin: These immature ones have already been read in vain by me-oy ), that is, when rearranged, " Cynthiae figuras aemulatur Mater Amorum " ( Latin: The Mother of Loves Venus imitates the figures of Cynthia the moon ).

He wrote the grammatical rules for the Vulgate Latin spoken by some illiterates in Europe at his time.

Ammianus relates ( xvii. 1. 11 ) that much later the Emperor Julian undertook a punitive expedition against the Alemanni, who by then were in Alsace, and crossed the Main ( Latin Menus ), entering the forest, where the trails were blocked by felled trees.

It entailed the recruitment of clerical scholars from Mercia, Wales and abroad to enhance the tenor of the court and of the episcopacy ; the establishment of a court school to educate his own children, the sons of his nobles, and intellectually promising boys of lesser birth ; an attempt to require literacy in those who held offices of authority ; a series of translations into the vernacular of Latin works the king deemed " most necessary for all men to know "; the compilation of a chronicle detailing the rise of Alfred's kingdom and house ; and the issuance of a law code that presented the West Saxons as a new people of Israel and their king as a just and divinely inspired law-giver.

That Latin learning had not been obliterated is evidenced by the presence in his court of learned Mercian and West Saxon clerics such as Plegmund, Wæferth, and Wulfsige, but Alfred's account should not be entirely discounted.

However, the classics had not refined his taste, for he was amused by setting itinerant scholars, who swarmed to his court, to abuse one another in the indescribably filthy Latin scolding matches which were then the fashion.

Some small improvements were made to law and court procedure, for example all court proceedings were now conducted in English rather than in Law French or Latin.

(; Latin: " you must present the person in court ") is a writ ( legal action ) which requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court.

A later tradition called him Beauclerc for his scholarly interests — he could read Latin and put his learning to effective use — and Lion of Justice for refinements which he brought about in the royal administration, which he rendered the most effective in Europe, rationalizing the itinerant court, and his public espousal of the Anglo-Saxon legal tradition.

This is why a public prosecution of a person whose surname is Smith would be referred to in writing as " R v Smith " ( or alternatively as " Regina v Smith " or " Rex v Smith " depending on the gender of the Sovereign reigning at the time of the case, Regina and Rex being Latin for " Queen " and " King " respectively ) ( and in either case may informally be pronounced as such ) and when cited orally in court would be pronounced " the Queen against Smith " or " the King against Smith " ( again depending on the gender of the reigning Sovereign ).

Jadwiga was well-educated and a polyglot, speaking at least six languages such as Latin, Bosnian, Hungarian, Serbian, Polish and German, interested in the arts, music, science, and court life.

Castiglione's tale took the form of a discussion among the nobility of the court of the Duke of Urbino, in which the characters determine that the ideal knight should be renowned not only for his bravery and prowess in battle, but also as a skilled dancer, athlete, singer and orator, and he should also be well-read in the Humanities and classical Greek and Latin literature.

The baptism also started the spread of the Latin culture into Poland, with the first literate and educated churchmen-advisers joining Mieszko's court.

At a young age his mother paid a lot of attention to his education, as a result of this Osman II was a known poet and had mastered many languages, including Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, Italian, and the court sign language.

Curia in medieval and later Latin usage means " court " in the sense of " royal court " rather than " court of law ".

The court is named Rota ( Latin for: wheel ) because the judges, called auditors, originally met in a round room to hear cases.

The Star Chamber ( Latin: Camera stellata ) was an English court of law that sat at the royal Palace of Westminster until 1641.

But for the vast majority, the state supreme court possesses the discretion to grant certiorari ( known as review in states that discourage the use of Latin ).

He gathered scholars from around England and elsewhere in Europe to his court, and with their help translated a range of Latin texts into English, doing much of the work in person, and orchestrated the composition of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

He learns at court about Latin, military tactics and religion ( until 469 ).

Anne knew little Latin but, trained at a French court, she was influenced by an “ evangelical variety of French humanism ” which led her to champion the vernacular Bible.

The words yard, court, and Latin hortus ( meaning " garden ," hence horticulture and orchard ), are cognates — all referring to an enclosed space.

He had visited the Byzantine court as an official ambassador and probably knew more about Byzantine affairs than any other Latin chronicler.