* Behar, a portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading

* Weekly Torah portion

In parts of the Torah portion Noach (" Noah ") ( specifically,,, ) it is implied that the months are thirty days long.

This is often commemorated by having the new adults, male only in the Orthodox tradition, lead the congregation in prayer and publicly read a " portion " of the Torah.

Some activities — reading the Torah and haftarah ( a supplementary portion from the Prophets or Writings ), the prayer for mourners, the blessings for bridegroom and bride, the complete grace after meals — require a minyan, the presence of ten Jews.

* The Baal kriyah or baal koreh ( master of the reading ) reads the weekly Torah portion.

" This name actually refers to a special " ceremony ": the last weekly Torah portion is read from Deuteronomy, completing the annual cycle, and is followed immediately by the reading of the first chapter of Genesis.

During this holiday the Torah portion containing the Ten Commandments is read in the synagogue, and the biblical Book of Ruth is read as well.

The Torah describes the advent of a messiah in the Torah portion of Balak, couched in poetic prophetic prose: " I see him, but not now.

In most Orthodox synagogues, women do no to give a d ' var Torah ( brief discourse, generally on the weekly Torah portion ) after or between services.

Today, tens of thousands of men, women and children study " Chumash with Rashi " as they review the Torah portion to be read in synagogue on the upcoming Shabbat.

He may also give a d ' var Torah ( a discussion of some Torah issue, such as a discussion of that week's Torah portion ) and / or lead part or all of the prayer services.

* In the Leeser Bible, an asterisk is used to mark off the seven subdivisions of the weekly Torah portion.

The oldest extant manuscripts of the Masoretic Text date from approximately the 9th century CE, and the Aleppo Codex ( once the oldest complete copy of the Masoretic Text, but now missing its Torah section ) dates from the 10th century. The Nash Papyrus ( 2nd century BCE ) contains a portion of a pre-Masoretic Text, specifically the Ten Commandments and the Shema Yisrael prayer.

* Pinchas ( parsha ), the 41st weekly Torah portion

On Mondays, Thursdays and Sabbaths, a weekly Torah portion was read publicly in the synagogues, following the tradition of public Torah readings instituted by Ezra.

Every Monday, Thursday and Shabbat in Orthodox synagogues ( and many Conservative ones as well ), a portion from the Torah is read aloud in the original Hebrew in front of the congregation.

One of these days is the Shabbat Chayei Sarah, when the Torah portion concerning the deaths of Abraham and Sarah and the purchase by Abraham of the land in which the caves are situated, is read.

The teaching of Tanakh, Hebrew Bible, is usually only done on the high school level, and students read the Weekly Torah portion by themselves ( known as the obligation of Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum, " Hebrew Bible twice and Aramaic Targum once ").

For example, the Torah mandates that a woman in her normal menstrual period must abstain from sexual intercourse for seven days.

At the same time, in order to preserve the integrity of halakha, any area of “ powerful inconsistency and conflict ” between Torah and modern culture must be avoided.

According to Ashkenazi minhag one is not allowed to profit monetarily from the Torah, and must work.

In Jewish tradition the sacredness of the divine name or titles must be recognized by the professional sofer ( scribe ) who writes Torah scrolls, or tefillin and mezuzah.

Written entirely in Hebrew, a sefer Torah contains 304, 805 letters, all of which must be duplicated precisely by a trained sofer (“ scribe ”), an effort which may take as long as approximately one and a half years.

Importantly, Maimonides, while enumerating the above, added the following caveat " There is no difference between Biblical statement ' his wife was Mehithabel ' 10, 6 on the one hand an " unimportant " verse, and ' Hear, O Israel ' on the other an " important " verse ... anyone who denies even such verses thereby denies God and shows contempt for his teachings more than any other skeptic, because he holds that the Torah can be divided into essential and non-essential parts ..." The uniqueness of the 13 fundamental beliefs was that even a rejection out of ignorance placed one outside Judaism, whereas the rejection of the rest of Torah must be a conscious act to stamp one as an unbeliever.

Karaite Judaism does not recognize the Oral Law as a divine authority, maintaining that the Written Torah, and the subsequent prophets which God sent to Israel, whose writings are recorded in the Tanakh, are the only suitable sources for deriving halakha, which Karaite Judaism maintains, must not deviate from the plain meaning of the Hebrew Bible.

The tzitzit worn by some in the rabbinic community, which does have tekhelet, is also seen as a violation of the Torah, because according to the Talmud, a tekhelet string must be made of wool, and the white strings from linen, making the tzitzit shatnez.

The Haredi community defends this practice with the argument that Judaism must cultivate Torah scholarship in the same way that the secular academic world does, no matter how high the costs may be financially in the short run, in the long run the Jewish people will benefit from the large number of learned laymen, scholars, and rabbis.

* As the child must satisfy its hunger day by day, so must the grown man busy himself with the Torah each hour ( Yerushalmi, Berakhot ch.

* The study must be unselfish: one should study the Torah with self-denial, even at the sacrifice of one's life ; and in the very hour before death one should devote himself to this duty ( Tractate Shabbat 83b ).

At the same time, in order to preserve the integrity of halakha, any area of “ powerful inconsistency and conflict ” between Torah and modern culture must be filtered out.

Additionally, whereas the Modern Orthodox position is ( generally ) presented as " unquestioned allegiance to the primacy of Torah, and that the apprehension of all other intellectual disciplines must be rooted and viewed through the prism of Torah ", Haredi groups have sometimes compared Modern Orthodoxy with early Reform Judaism in Germany: Modern Orthodox Rabbis have been criticised for attempting to modify Jewish law, in adapting Judaism to the needs of the modern world.

Shneur Zalman, on the other hand, taught that the emotions must be led by the mind, and thus the focus of Chabad thought was to be Torah study and prayer rather than esotericism and song.

Shneur Zalman taught that Torah must be studied joyously — studying without joy is frowned upon.

Some Jews among the Dor Daim and Talmidhe haRambam understand both the Mishneh Torah and the Talmudic source texts concerning bowing in the Shemoneh Esreh to be teaching that one must always bow down upon his knees, not only during the High Holy Days, but throughout the year.

In life, as in the Torah, it is assumed that everything has deeper and secondary meanings, which must be probed.

But this humility should be practised only when the insult occurs in private ; when the scholar is publicly ' insulted, he dares not forgive ; and if he forgive he should be punished, for then it is an insult to the Torah that he must revenge until the offender humbly apologizes "

A key point of opposition was that the Vilna Gaon maintained that greatness in Torah and observance must come through natural human efforts at Torah study without relying on any external " miracles " and " wonders ", whereas the Ba ' al Shem Tov was more focused on bringing encouragement and raising the morale of the Jewish people, especially following the Chmelnitzki pogroms ( 1648 – 1654 ) and the aftermath of disillusionment in the Jewish masses following the millennial excitement heightened by the failed messianic claims of Sabbatai Zevi and Jacob Frank.

According to the Torah ( and ), the criteria for a person to be considered a prophet or speak for God in Judaism are that he must follow the God of Israel ( and no other god ); he must not describe God differently than He is known to be from Scripture ; he must not advocate change to God's word or state that God has changed His mind and wishes things that contradict His already-stated eternal word ; and the things he does speak of must come to pass.

He allowed a synagogue to be built in Rome, and he gave as a gift to this synagogue a scroll of the Torah known as the Severus Scroll.

: Many consider Heschel's Torah min HaShamayim BeAspaklariya shel HaDorot, ( Torah from Heaven in the light of the generations ) to be his masterwork.

* Torah min ha-shamayim be ' aspaklariya shel ha-dorot ; Theology of Ancient Judaism.

The Oral Torah is the primary guide for Jews to abide by these terms, as expressed in tractate Gittin 60b, " the Holy One, Blessed be He, did not make His covenant with Israel except by virtue of the Oral Law " to help them learn how to live a holy life, and to bring holiness, peace and love into the world and into every part of life, so that life may be elevated to a high level of kedushah, originally through study and practice of the Torah, and since the destruction of the Second Temple, through prayer as expressed in tractate Sotah 49a " Since the destruction of the Temple, every day is more cursed than the preceding one ; and the existence of the world is assured only by the kedusha ... and the words spoken after the study of Torah.

Some Christians agree that Jews who accept Jesus should still observe all of Torah, see for example Dual-covenant theology, based on warnings by Jesus to Jews not to use him as an excuse to disregard it, and they support efforts of those such as Messianic Jews ( Messianic Judaism is considered by most Christians and Jews to be a form of Christianity ) to do that, but some Protestant forms of Christianity oppose all observance to the Mosaic law, even by Jews, which Luther criticised as Antinomianism, see Antinomianism # Antinomian Controversies in Lutheranism and Luther # Anti-Antinomianism for details.

" A man should not say: I shall carry out the precepts of the Torah and study her wisdom in order to receive all the blessings written therein or in order to merit the life of the World to Come and I shall keep away from the sins forbidden by the Torah in order to be spared the curses mentioned in the Torah or in order not to be cut off from the life of the World to Come.

: All of the people Israel will come back to Torah ; The people of Israel will be gathered back to the land of Israel ; The Temple in Jerusalem will be rebuilt ; Israel will live among the nations as an equal, and will be strong enough to defend herself ; Eventually, war, hatred and famine will end, and an era of peace and prosperity will come upon the Earth.

:" And if a king shall stand up from among the House of David, studying Torah and indulging in commandments like his father David, according to the written and oral Torah, and he will coerce all Israel to follow it and to strengthen its weak points, and will fight The Lord's wars, this one is to be treated as if he were the anointed one.

In the Jewish explanation, this is a story in the Torah whereby God wanted to test Abraham's faith and willingness, and Isaac was never going to be actually sacrificed.

Should Christians be Torah Observant ?, Netzari Press.

One might note, however, that what is assumed to be a niche for the Torah scroll in the building probably originally built as a Judeo-Christian synagogue between AD 70 and AD 135 on the traditional site of the Cenacle or upper room of the Last Supper and now identified as the site of the King David's Tomb is oriented not towards the Temple Mount, but towards the site of the Holy Sepulchre, which would seem to indicate that the Christian community that had built it had already began to transfer many of the religious traditions originally associated with the Temple to the sites they associated with Christ's death and resurrection ( such as the burial place of Adam and the centre of the world ).