In silicon, sunlight can provide enough energy to push an electron out of the lower-energy valence band into the higher-energy conduction band.

When present together in solid solution, energy is transferred from the higher-energy tungsten to the lower-energy molybdenum, such that fairly low levels of molybdenum are sufficient to cause a yellow emission for scheelite, instead of blue.

However, the singlet form of oxygen is the higher-energy form of the molecule.

This is an important effect in all reactors where fast neutrons from the fissile isotope can cause the fission of nearby < sup > 238 </ sup > U nuclei, which means that some small part of the < sup > 238 </ sup > U is " burned-up " in all nuclear fuels, especially in fast breeder reactors that operate with higher-energy neutrons.

Singlet oxygen is a name given to several higher-energy species of molecular in which all the electron spins are paired.

Where, for ordinary field theories such as quantum electrodynamics, a technique known as renormalization is an integral part of deriving predictions which take into account higher-energy contributions, gravity turns out to be nonrenormalizable: at high energies, applying the recipes of ordinary quantum field theory yields models that are devoid of all predictive power.

Even single-pane glass works for this process, because glass is transparent to the incoming visible light and near-visible shorter-wavelength higher-energy infra-red radiation that warms the wall mass, but less so to the longer-wavelength infra-red radiation that is the heat that is radiated back out from the wall mass.

If the system is not in its ground state and the bath is at a temperature lower than that of the system's, then the system will give off energy to the bath and thus higher-energy eigenstates of the system Hamiltonian will decohere to the ground state after cooling and, as such, they will all be non-degenerate.

The CSz format is a higher-energy, more varied and more sports-oriented version of the Theatresports format, which preceded ComedySportz by 7 years.

In most fission reactor designs, the nuclear fuel is not sufficiently refined to be able to absorb enough fast neutrons to carry on the fission chain reaction, due to the lower cross section for higher-energy neutrons, so a neutron moderator must be introduced to slow the fast neutrons down to thermal velocities to permit sufficient absorption.

One effect, boundary layer enhancement, is caused by the increased turbulence levels away from the wall region thus transporting higher-energy outer flow into the wall region.

* An X-ray size that is generally smaller than their radio and optical size ( due to smaller synchrotron lifetimes of the higher-energy electrons ) ( e. g. Slane et al.

Thus, a non-intuitive ( e. g., a higher-energy for at least one species ) distribution of electrons in the combination of iron and oxygen must exist, in order to explain the observed diamagnetism and no unpaired electrons.

The gain medium absorbs pump energy, which raises some electrons into higher-energy (" excited ") quantum states.

In a lithium atom, with three bound electrons, the third electron cannot reside in a 1s state, and must occupy one of the higher-energy 2s states instead.

Linacs have many applications: they generate X-rays and high energy electrons for medicinal purposes in radiation therapy, serve as particle injectors for higher-energy accelerators, and are used directly to achieve the highest kinetic energy for light particles ( electrons and positrons ) for particle physics.

These include the use of quantum dots for conversion of higher-energy ( higher frequency ) light into multiple electrons, using solid-state electrolytes for better temperature response, and changing the doping of the TiO < sub > 2 </ sub > to better match it with the electrolyte being used.

Additionally, some thermal energy may be stored as the potential energy associated with higher-energy modes of vibration, whenever they occur in interatomic bonds in any substance.

An electron from an outer, higher-energy shell then fills the hole, and the difference in energy between the higher-energy shell and the lower energy shell may be released in the form of an X-ray.

The higher-energy near-IR, approximately 14000 – 4000 cm < sup >− 1 </ sup > ( 0. 8 – 2. 5 μm wavelength ) can excite overtone or harmonic vibrations.

Characteristic X-rays are emitted when the electron beam removes an inner shell electron from the sample, causing a higher-energy electron to fill the shell and release energy.

This high-powered light beam excites the erbium ions to their higher-energy state.

As such, impractically long linac structures were required for higher-energy particles.

Adding particles or reducing the volume forces the particles into higher-energy quantum states.

We would see some very young massive stars and some very old stars and galaxies, growing hotter and producing higher-energy radiation near their birth or death.

This explanation proposes that a planar form with an angle of 0 ° between the two rings corresponds to a higher energy state and emits a higher-energy green light, whereas an angle of 90 ° puts the structure in a lower energy state and emits a lower-energy red light.

The present proceeding is concerned with the standard broadcast ( AM ) band, from 540 kc. to 1600 kc..

With no set standards, there is the tendency to promote to the next highest level when the top of a salary band is reached regardless of performance.

A band viscometer is shown in Figure 2.

When in place, a well-cemented band actually protects the part of the tooth that is covered.

Usually this is a thin band of wire attached to the molars and stretching across the teeth.

As a finale is appended a close-up of one of the band taking aim and firing his revolver straight at the audience.

Everywhere there are little touches of humor, and the leader of the on-stage band of musicians is an ebullient comedian who plays all sorts of odd instruments with winning warmth.

Several times it came near breaking, and there were in fact some lovely peals of thunder from Jerry Mulligan's big band, which is about as fine an aggregation as has come along in the jazz business since John Hammond found Count Basie working in a Kansas City trap.

But what is equally impressive is the delicacy and wonderful lyric quality of both the band and Mulligan's baritone sax in a fragile ballad like Bob Brookmeyer's arrangement of `` Django's Castle ''.

Possibly the most notable current version of " America the Beautiful " is the setting for band and symphonic orchestra by the late arranger / conductor / composer Carmen Dragon.

Aztlan Underground is a fusion band from Los Angeles.

The band is set to begin writing a new record this year.

Beginning with Reginald Fessenden's audio demonstrations in 1906, it was also the original method used for audio radio transmissions, and remains in use today by many forms of communication —" AM " is often used to refer to the mediumwave broadcast band ( see AM radio ).

The tempo of their arrangement was slowed to allow for the bagpipes, but it was based on Collins ': it began with a bagpipe solo introduction similar to her lone voice, then it was accompanied by the band of bagpipes and horns, whereas in her version she is backed up by a chorus.

It hit number 1 in the UK singles chart in April 1972, spending 24 weeks total on the charts, topped the RPM national singles chart in Canada for three weeks, and rose as high as number 11 in the U. S. It is also a controversial instrumental, as it combined pipes with a military band.

* The garage folk band David's Doldrums references Absalom in their song, " my name is Absalom.

* " Absalom " is an album by the Experimental / Progressive band " Stick Men " featuring Tony Levin, Markus Reuter and Pat Mastelotto.

Alexander's band, an optical phenomenon, is named after him.

Absolute magnitude ( also known as absolute visual magnitude when measured in the standard V photometric band ) is the measure of a celestial object's intrinsic brightness.

BrE: The Clash are a well-known band ; AmE: The Clash is a well-known band.

Proper nouns that are plural in form take a plural verb in both AmE and BrE ; for example, The Beatles are a well-known band ; The Saints are the champions, with one major exception: largely for historical reasons, in American English, the United States is is almost universal.