The first stage of translation after glossary lookup is structural analysis of the input text.

Orazioni e frammenti ( now the standard text, with Italian translation, 1982 )

The works and fragments ( text with English translation, 2001 ) – reviewed in BMCR

Unlike his translation of the Pastoral Care, Alfred here deals very freely with his original and though the late Dr. G. Schepss showed that many of the additions to the text are to be traced not to Alfred himself, but to the glosses and commentaries which he used, still there is much in the work which is solely Alfred's and highly characteristic of his style.

Between 1424 and 1433 he worked on the translation of the Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laërtius, which came to be widely circulated in manuscript form and was published at Rome in 1472 ( the first printed edition of the Lives ; the Greek text was printed only in 1533 ).

Anaxagoras of Clazomenae: Fragments and Testimonia: a text and translation with notes and essays University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario, ISBN 978-0-8020-9325-7

* Natural language understanding ( and subproblems such as text mining, machine translation, and word sense disambiguation )

The spelling and names in both the 1609 – 1610 Douay Old Testament ( and in the 1582 Rheims New Testament ) and the 1749 revision by Bishop Challoner ( the edition currently in print used by many Catholics, and the source of traditional Catholic spellings in English ) and in the Septuagint ( an ancient translation of the Old Testament in to Greek, which is widely used by the Eastern Orthodox instead of the Masoretic text ) differ from those spellings and names used in modern editions which are derived from the Hebrew Masoretic text.

This remarkable text, originally written in Latin, is extant only in the 1549 translation of Bishop John Ponet.

Theodotion's translation is much closer to the Masoretic text and became so popular that it replaced the original Septuagint version of Daniel, in all but two manuscripts of the Septuagint itself.

One of the most frequent speculations is that the entire book ( excepting 9: 4-20 ) was originally written in Aramaic, with portions translated into Hebrew, possibly to increase acceptance-many Aramaisms in the Hebrew text find proposed explanation by the hypothesis of an inexact initial translation into Hebrew.

This discovery has shed much light on the differences between the two versions ; while it was previously maintained that the Greek Septuagint ( the version used by the earliest Christians ) was only a poor translation, professor Emanuel Tov, senior editor of the Dead Sea Scrolls ' publication, wrote that the Masoretic edition either represents a substantial rewriting of the original Hebrew, or there had previously been two different versions of the text.

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, " a comparison of the Masoretic text with the Septuagint throws some light on the last phase in the history of the origin of the Book of Jeremiah, inasmuch as the translation into Greek was already under way before the work on the Hebrew book had come to an end ...

Even if the text of the Septuagint is proved to be the older, it does not necessarily follow that all these variations first arose after the Greek translation had been made, because two different editions of the same text might have been in process of development side by side ..."

The Hebrew text of Jonah ( 1: 17 in English translation ), reads dag gadol ( Hebrew: דג גדול ), which literally means " great fish.

The Vulgate translation was affirmed to be authoritative for the text of Scripture.

The most detailed account of Mangonel use is from “ Eric Marsden's translation of a text written by Ammianus Marcellius in the 4th Century AD ” describing its construction and combat usage.

The Hebrew text with an English translation can be found in the Siddur of Philip Birnbaum.

The translation, as literary critics claim, was not based on Cervantes ' text but mostly upon a French work by Filleau de Saint-Martin and upon notes which Thomas Shelton had written previously.

It is said that his translation was the most honest of all translations, without expansions upon the text or changing of the proverbs.

The most widely known English language translation was made by Sir James Fergusson, formerly Keeper of the Records of Scotland, from text that he reconstructed using this extant copy and early copies of the original draft.

They included two nearly complete copies of the text, referred to as Text A () and Text B (), both of which reverse the traditional ordering and put the Te Ching section before the Tao Ching, which is why the Henricks translation of them is named " Te-Tao Ching ".

* Daodejing Wang Bi edition with English translation, Guodian text, and Mawangdui text-Chinese Text Project

The text does however seem to imply, based on the text from the earlier passage of Revelation 16: 14, that the purpose of this gathering of kings in the " place called Armageddon " might be so that these kings could do battle with one another.

For example, to correctly display the for an English name brand ( LTR ) in an Arabic ( RTL ) passage, an LRM mark is inserted after the trademark symbol if the symbol is not followed by LTR text.

Among the teachings of Jesus Christ in the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of Matthew, the message to his followers that one should " Turn the other cheek " and his example in the story Pericope Adulterae, in which Jesus intervenes in the stoning of an adulteress, are generally accepted as his condemnation of physical retaliation ( though most scholars agree that the latter passage was " certainly not part of the original text of St John's Gospel ") More militant Christians consider Romans 13: 3 – 4 to support the death penalty.

The text does not specify whether the king in the passage refers to Artaxerxes I ( 465-424 BCE ) or to Artaxerxes II ( 404-359 BCE ).

Three experiments reported by Krug, Davis and Glover demonstrated the advantage of delaying a 2nd reading of a text passage by one week ( distributed ) compared with no delay between readings ( massed ).

For example, students have been found to perform better on a test of knowledge about a text passage when a second reading of the passage is delayed rather than immediate ( see figure ).

In that text is a passage about Louis the Pious which says annona militaris quas vulgo foderum vocant, which can be translated as " Louis forbade that military provender ( which they popularly call " fodder ") be furnished .."

Rabbi Chaim Volozhin ( Lithuania 1749 – 1821 ) reports in an introduction to Siphra Dzeniouta ( 1818 ) that he once presented to his teacher, the Vilna Gaon, ten different versions of a certain passage in the Sefer Yetzira and asked the Gaon to determine the correct text.

The passage is not found in the Western text of Mark.

The first reference to the incendiary properties of such mixtures is the passage of the Zhenyuan miaodao yaolüe, a Taoist text tentatively dated to the mid-9th century AD: " Some have heated together sulfur, realgar and saltpeter with honey ; smoke and flames result, so that their hands and faces have been burnt, and even the whole house where they were working burned down.

The sequence of bases along a particular DNA molecule specifies the genetic information: this is comparable to a sequence of letters spelling out a passage of text.

The first account of Illyrian peoples comes from Periplus or Coastal passage an ancient Greek text of the middle of the 4th century BC.

Some scholars argue that the passage is an intrusion into the progression of Josephus ' text at the point in which it appears in the Antiquities and breaks the thread of the narrative.

As with other passages in Josephus relating to Christian themes, concern remains over whether the passage was part of Josephus's original text or instead a later addition-it can be dated back no further than the early 3rd century when it is quoted by Origen in Contra Celsum.

Though the duchy's territory officially became an integral part of the Netherlands by the 1867 Treaty of London, the text passage remained unchanged when the Deutschlandlied was declared the national anthem of the Weimar Republic in 1922.

Greek text of the Odysseys opening passage

The text thus became a description, depending on the aspect, of the creation of the world, the passage of Shabbat, the covenant with Israel, and the coming of the Messianic age.

This passage from Pirqei R. Eliezer, a writing which was composed in Israel after the Islamic conquest, is paralleled in an Arabic text of approximately the same period but gives some noticeably different information.

The only possible exceptions to this are the Great Commission Matthew 28: 16-20, 2 Corinthians 13: 14, and the Comma Johanneum, which many regard as a spurious text passage in First John ( 1 John 5: 7 ) known primarily from the King James Version and some versions of the Textus Receptus but not included in modern critical texts ..

Over three days of debate, Congress made changes and deleted nearly a fourth of the text, most notably a passage critical of the slave trade.

The most basic level consists of literary analysis of the text without the help of commentaries, designed to bring out the tzurata di-shema ' ta, i. e. the logical and narrative structure of the passage.

Over several days of debate, Congress made a few changes in wording and deleted nearly a fourth of the text, most notably a passage critical of the slave trade, changes that Jefferson resented.

The first reference to gunpowder is probably a passage in the Zhenyuan miaodao yaolüe, a Taoism text tentatively dated to the mid-9th century: