Abd al-Rahman's establishment of a government in al-Andalus represented a branching from the rest of the Islamic Empire, which had been brought under the Abbasid following the overthrow of the Umayyads from Damascus in 750.

17th century historian Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari poignantly described Abd al-Rahman's reaction as he implored Yahiya to keep going: " O brother!

Although the Umayyads did not have a historical presence in the region ( no member of the Umayyad family was known to have ever set foot in al-Andalus before ) and there were grave concerns about young Abd al-Rahman's inexperience, several of the lower-ranking Yemenite commanders felt they had little to lose and much to gain, and agreed to support the prince.

When some local Berber tribesmen learned of Abd al-Rahman's intent to set sail for al-Andalus, they quickly rode to catch up with him on the coast.

One of the Berbers held on to Abd al-Rahman's vessel as it made for al-Andalus, and allegedly had his hand cut off by one of the boat's crew.

Nevertheless, food was still scarce, and Abd al-Rahman's army suffered from hunger.

In an attempt to demoralize Abd al-Rahman's troops, al-Fihri ensured that his troops not only were well fed, but also ate gluttonous amounts of food in full view of the Umayyad lines.

Even before the fight began, dissension spread through some of Abd al-Rahman's lines.

Abd al-Rahman's progeny would, however, take up the title of caliph.

In the meantime, a call went out through the Muslim world that al-Andalus was a safe haven for friends of the house of Umayya, if not for Abd al-Rahman's scattered family that managed to evade the Abbasids.

Various Arab and Berber tribes fought each other for varying degrees of power, some cities tried to break away and form their own state, and even members of Abd al-Rahman's family tried to wrest power from him.

Revenge for the massacre of his family at the hands of the Abbasids must surely have been the driving factor in Abd al-Rahman's war plans.

By 783 Abd al-Rahman's army advanced on Zaragoza.

Included in the arsenal of Abd al-Rahman's army were thirty-six siege engines.

Abd al-Rahman's warriors spilled into the city's streets, quickly thwarting al-Husayn's desires for independence.

Abd al-Rahman's policy of taxing non-Muslims, which was often carried out by later rulers, changed the religious dynamic of al-Andalus.

The date of Abd al-Rahman's death is disputed, but is generally accepted to be sometime around 785 through 788.

Abd al-Rahman's alleged favorite son was his choice for successor, and would later be known as Hisham I. Abd ar-Rahman's progeny would continue to rule al-Andalus in the name of the house of Umayya for several generations, with the zenith of their power coming during the reign of Abd al-Rahman III.

' Abd al-Rahman's court physician and minister was Hasdai ben Isaac ibn Shaprut, the patron of Menahem ben Saruq, Dunash ben Labrat, and other Jewish scholars and poets.

During ' Abd al-Rahman's term of power, the scholar Moses ben Enoch was appointed rabbi of Córdoba, and as a consequence al-Andalus became the center of Talmudic study, and Córdoba the meeting-place of Jewish savants.

Hasdai retained his high position under ' Abd al-Rahman's son and successor, Al-Hakam II, who even surpassed his father in his love for science.

When Abd al-Rahman's name was mentioned in the document, Umayyah protested, saying " I do not know Ar-Rahman " and requested that the pre-Islamic name " Abdu Amr " should be used, to which Abd al-Rahman yielded.

Born near Damascus in Syria, Abd al-Rahman, grandson of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, was the son of the Umayyad prince Mu ' awiyah ibn Hisham and a Berber mother.

Abd al-Rahman was the father of several sons, but the identity of their mother ( s ) is not clear:

# Valide Sultan Hüma Hatun, born in Devrekani county of Kastamonu Kiran province, daughter of Abd ' Allah of Hum, Huma meaning a girl / woman from Hum, mother of Mehmed the Conqueror ;

" His father, Muhammad, was reputedly a great-grandson of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, the youngest uncle of Mohammad ; his mother, as described in the 14th century Moorish historian Ali Ibn-Abd Allah's Rawd al-Qirtas was a " Berber woman given to his father.

His mother died when he was quite young, and he was raised by his maternal grandfather, Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Latif Al ash-Sheikh who taught him the Quran and the principles of the Islam, an education which left an impact on him for the remainder of his life.

They congregated in the courtyard — King Faisal II ; Prince ' Abd al-Ilah and his wife Princess Hiyam ; Princess Nafeesa, Abdul Ilah ’ s mother ; Princess Abadiya, the king ’ s aunt ; and several servants.

On July 14, 1958, the royal family including King Faisal II ; the Prince ' Abd al-Ilah ; Princess Hiyam, Abdullah's wife ; Princess Nafisah, Abdullah ’ s mother, Princess Abadiyah, the king ’ s aunt, and several servants were attacked as they were leaving the palace.

His father Adnan Abd al-Munim al-Janabi, a Sunni, worked for OPEC, his mother was a Shi ' ite, while Salam himself became skeptical of religion.

On July 14, 1958, when Colonel Abdul Karim Qassim took control of the Kingdom of Iraq by a coup d ' état, the royal family was ordered to leave the palace in Baghdad: King Faisal II ; Crown Prince ' Abd al-Ilah ; Princess Hiyam, Abdul Ilah's wife ; Princess Nafeesa, Abdul Ilah ’ s mother, Princess Abadiya, the king ’ s aunt ; and several servants.

She was also Muhammad's first cousin, Muhammad's father Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib was brother of Zaynab's mother Umaimah bint Abd al-Muttalib.

* Urraca ( Abda ) the Basque, given to Almanzor, and by him mother of Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, before entering a convent.

Her mother's name was Sahre, Sahre's mother was Tahmur bint ` Abd ibn Qusai.

His father was Hashim ibn ` Abd Manaf and his mother was Salma bint ` Amr from the Banu Najjar tribe in Yathrib ( later called, Madinah ).

Hashim had two full brothers, the elder was ' Abd Shams and younger was Muttalib who would succeed him, and half-brother Nawfal whose mother was Waqida bint Amr.

People called him ‘ Ibn Umm Abd ’, the son of the mother of a slave.

Abu Bakr's full name was ' Abd Allah ibn ' Uthman ibn Aamir ibn Amr ibn Ka ' ab ibn Sa ' ad ibn Taym ( from whom the at-Taymi al-Quraishi ) ibn Murrah ibn Ka ' ab ibn Lu ' ai ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr al-Quraishi.

The lineage of Muhammad was: Muhammad ; the son of Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib ; the son of Abdul Muttalib ; the son of Hashim ibn ' Abd Manaf ; the son of Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ; the son of Qusai ibn Kilab ; the son of Kilab ibn Murrah ; the son of Murrah.

Qasr Al Abd was built by the governor of Ammon in 200 BC

Muwaffaq al-Din Muhammad ' Abd al-Latif ibn Yusuf al-Baghdadi (; 1162 – 1231 ), more commonly known as ' Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi or ' Abdallatif al-Baghdadi (), born in Baghdad, Iraq, was a celebrated physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of the Near East in his time.

Abd al-Rahman I, or, his full name by patronymic record, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu ' awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( 731 – 788 ) ( Arabic: عبد الرحمن الداخل ) was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba ( 755 ), a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries ( including the succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba ).

Al-Maqqari quotes prior Muslim historians as having recorded that Abd al-Rahman said he was so overcome with fear at that moment, that once he made the far shore he ran until exhaustion overcame him.

At the time, Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib al-Fihri was the semi-autonomous governor of Ifriqiya ( roughly, modern Tunisia ) and a former Umayyad client.

Abd al-Rahman was only one of several surviving Umayyad family members to make their way to Ifriqiya at this time.

At that moment, the nominal ruler of al-Andalus, emir Yusuf ibn ' Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri ( another member of the Fihrid family, and a favorite of the old Arab settlers ( baladiyun ), mostly of south Arabian or ' Yemenite ' tribal stock ) was locked in a contest with his vizier ( and son-in-law ) al-Sumayl ibn Hatim al-Qilabi, the head of the new settlers ( shamiyum, the Syrian junds or military regiments, mostly of north Arabian Qaysid tribes, which had arrived only in 742 ).

Abd al-Rahman landed at Almuñécar in al-Andalus, to the east of Málaga, in September 755 ; however his landing site was unconfirmed.

Upon landing in al-Andalus, Abd al-Rahman was greeted by clients Abu Uthman and Ibn Khalid and an escort of 300 cavalry.

One famous story which persisted through history related to a gift Abd al-Rahman was given while in Málaga.

The gift was a beautiful young slave girl, but Abd al-Rahman humbly returned her to her previous master.

Abd al-Rahman was apparently sagacious enough to expect such a plot.

This might have been fortunate timing for Abd al-Rahman, since he was still getting a solid foothold in al-Andalus.