European culture witnessed the arrival of several important scientific works in translation from centuries-old Arabic sources, including Alhazen's work on optics and Al-Razi's medical works.

* 1270 – Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.

* Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.

He began to work up Ptolemy's Almagest and Alhazen's On the Configuration of the World.

Alhazen's intromission theory of light was formulated in the 11th century ; Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation were formulated in the 17th century ; Maxwell's equations, 19th century ; and quantum mechanics, early 20th century.

The idea that curved mirrors behave like lenses dates back at least to Alhazen's 11th century treatise on optics, works that had been widely disseminated in Latin translations in early modern Europe.

Islamic science gave the first exemplar of a mathematical realist theory with Alhazen's Book of Optics in which physical light rays traveled along mathematical straight lines.

In Optics Ibn Rushd followed Alhazen's incorrect explanation that a Rainbow is due to reflection, not refraction.

Mark Smith suggests that, through Ghiberti, Alhazen's Book of Optics " may well have been central to the development of artificial perspective in early Renaissance Italian painting.

Light itself is, for Witelo, the first of all sensible entities, and his views on light are similar to those held by Roger Bacon, though he is closer in this to Alhazen's legacy.

* Lindberg, D. C. " Alhazen's Theory of Vision and its Reception in the West ", Isis 58 ( 1967 ), 321-341.

The best antidote for the bitterness and disappointment that poisoned him was hard work.

So simple, in fact, that it might even work -- although Pamela, now, in her new frame of mind, was careful not to pretend too much assurance.

He'd started a fire and put coffee on, and now was busy at the work board of his chuck wagon.

Tom Horn was soon back at work, giving his secret employers their money's worth.

The arrangement I had with him was to work four hours a day.

I quit work at my usual hour as if this day was no different from other days.

Their work was lonely.

With Ramey it was a dusty work shoe that was half-off the Indian's foot that he would always remember.

He was aware of her as a frightfully good-looking American WAC, a second lieutenant assigned to do the paper work, ( regardless of how important she might have thought she was ) in the Command offices, but that was all.

That should do it, he thought, because Miss Langford had said she was going to be strict about school work.

The only drawback now to the plan he'd decided on was that someone else might fail to do his work, too, and the teacher would have that person stay late along with Jack.

Was it supposed, perchance, that A & M ( vocational training, that is ) was quite sufficient for the immigrant class which flooded that part of the New England world in the post-Civil War period, the immigrants having been brought in from Southern Europe, to work in the mills, to make up for the labor shortage caused by migration to the West??

His next major work, completed in 1892, was a long fantastic epic in prose, entitled Hans Alienus, which Professor Book describes as a monument on the grave of his carefree and indolent youth.

Whether in prose or poetry, all of Heidenstam's later work was concerned with Sweden.

But his own work was evolving further.

One evening, while a volley-ball game was being played in the yard among the prisoners remaining there, a simulated melee was staged -- just as the gates were opened to admit other prisoners returning from work.

While convalescing in his Virginia home he wrote a book recording his prison experiences and escape, entitled: They Shall Not Have Me Published originally in ( Helion's ) English by Dutton & Co. of New York, in 1943, the book was received by the press as a work of astonishing literary power and one of the most realistic accounts of World War 2, from the French side.

And I was to go to work on that odd matter.

It was part of Little Jack's work to look after the dogs.

As a result, he was sent to a hospital in Arizona until his health improved enough for him to come back to Washington to work in the Government service.

But again, there was danger that his lungs would suffer in the muggy Washington weather, and he had to return to the dry climate of the West to live and work.

This sort of manipulation is especially troublesome in Fromm's work because, although his system is derived largely from certain philosophic convictions, he asserts that it is based on empirical findings drawn both from social science and from his own consulting room.

He is often described as the father of tragedy: our knowledge of the genre begins with his work and our understanding of earlier tragedies is largely based on inferences from his surviving plays.

Since World War II, main battle tanks have largely replaced gun-armed tank destroyers although lightly armored anti tank guided missile ( ATGM ) carriers are commonly used for supplementary long-range anti-tank work.

Since World War II, main battle tanks have largely replaced gun-armed tank destroyers although lightly armored anti tank guided missile ( ATGM ) carriers are commonly used for supplementary long-range anti-tank work.

The claims of Hawkins were largely dismissed, but this was not the case for Alexander Thom's work, whose survey results of megalithic sites hypothesized widespread practice of accurate astronomy in the British Isles.

The work of producing English-language books for use in the liturgy was largely that of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury at first under the reign of Henry VIII, only more radically under his son Edward VI.

The Law of Conservation of Mass resulted in the reformulation of chemistry based on this law and the oxygen theory of combustion, which was largely based on the work of Lavoisier.

Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked position, a poor transportation system, a largely unskilled work force, and a legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies.

The album's subject matter was largely centered on Love's tumultuous life between 2003 and 2007, and featured a polished folk-rock sound with much more acoustic work than previous Hole albums.

According to Mike Dash, a Welsh historian, few scientists doubt there are thousands of unknown animals, particularly invertebrates, awaiting discovery ; however, cryptozoologists are largely uninterested in researching and cataloging newly-discovered species of ants or beetles, instead focusing their efforts towards " more elusive " creatures that have often defied decades of work aimed at confirming their existence.

However, this view has largely been abandoned, with Omotic generally agreed to be an independent branch of Afroasiatic, primarily due to the work of Harold C. Fleming ( 1974 ) and M. Lionel Bender ( 1975 ).

Lyell's work on volcanoes focused largely on Vesuvius and Etna, both of which he had earlier studied.

The work is considered New Testament wisdom literature because, " like Proverbs and Sirach, it consists largely of moral exhortations and precepts of a traditional and eclectic nature.

The textual transmission of the plays from the fifth century BC, when they were first written, up until the era of the printing press, was largely a haphazard process in which much of Euripides's work was lost and corrupted, but it also included triumphs by scholars and copyists, thanks to whom much was also recovered and preserved.

These sensational stories piqued public interest in a profession largely off-limits to human interest news reporting, a natural consequence of the secrecy inherent to their work.

The work of other directors who worked largely at this tier of the industry, such as Felix E. Feist ( The Devil Thumbs a Ride, Tomorrow Is Another Day ), is now relatively obscure.

Indeed, according to various historical accounts, after that point few mathematicians tackled the issues and the work of those who did remained obscured largely because of resistance to such unfamiliar emerging concepts, which were sometimes referred to as mathematical " monsters ".

Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world ( centered at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall ), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931.

However, in the last couple of years the British graffiti scene has been struck by self-titled ' art terrorist ' Banksy, who has revolutionized the style of UK graffiti ( bringing to the forefront stencils to aid the speed of painting ) as well as the content ; making his work largely satirical of the sociological state of cities, or the political climate of war, often using monkeys and rats as motifs.

The regional offices work largely autonomously under the supervision of Greenpeace International.

The work was largely complete by 1352.

Apparently his work remained largely unknown to engineers in the UK and US until much later, although at least IBM was aware of it as it financed his post-war startup company in 1946 in return for an option on Zuse's patents.

The ABC was largely forgotten until it became the focus of the lawsuit Honeywell v. Sperry Rand, the ruling of which invalidated the ENIAC patent ( and several others ) as, among many reasons, having been anticipated by Atanasoff's work.

Most scholars today accept that both Christian and Celtic traditions contributed to the legend's development, though many of the early Celtic-based arguments are largely discredited ( Loomis himself came to reject much of Weston and Nutt's work ).

His work relies largely on Nietzsche's critique of progress and historicism in western intellectual history.