Alkaptonuria ( black urine disease or alcaptonuria ) is a rare inherited genetic disorder of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism.

Alkaptonuria is more common in Slovakia and the Dominican Republic than in other countries.

Alkaptonuria is a rare familial disease of organic acid metabolism that is best known for the darkening of urine from yellow to brown to black after it is exposed to the air.

Alkaptonuria arises in people who have inherited two abnormal HGD genes: one from each parent.

Alkaptonuria was one of the four diseases described by Sir Archibald Edward Garrod, as being the result of the accumulation of intermediates due to metabolic deficiencies.

He published The Incidence of Alkaptonuria: a Study in Chemical Individuality in 1902.

For one thing, this is not a subject often discussed or analyzed.

But more important, and the thing which the casual traveler and the blind sojourner often do not see, is that these places and activities are often the settings in which Persians exercise their extraordinary aesthetic sensibilities.

Yet within this limitation there is an astonishing variety: design as intricate as that in the carpet or miniature, with the melodic line like the painted or woven line often flowing into an arabesque.

Yet often fear persists because, even with the most rigid ritual, one is never quite free from the uneasy feeling that one might make some mistake or that in every previous execution one had been unaware of the really decisive act.

`` Most often '', she says, `` it's the monogamous relationship that is dishonest ''.

If many of the characters in contemporary novels appear to be the bloodless relations of characters in a case history it is because the novelist is often forgetful today that those things that we call character manifest themselves in surface behavior, that the ego is still the executive agency of personality, and that all we know of personality must be discerned through the ego.

It is often stated that Copernican astronomy is ' simpler ' than Ptolemaic.

1543 A.D. is often venerated as the birthday of the scientific revolution.

But when these expectations are once too often ground into the dust, innocence can falter, since its strength is according to the strength of him who possesses it.

Next I refer to our program in space exploration, which is often mistakenly supposed to be an integral part of defense research and development.

The relatively long and often colorful selections in this anthology enable the reader to become genuinely absorbed in what is said, whether he responds with anger or applause.

The continuities, contrasts, and similarities discernible when past and present are surveyed together are inexhaustible and the one is often understood through the other.

It is true that this distinction between style and idea often approaches the arbitrary since in the end we must admit that style and content frequently influence or interpenetrate one another and sometimes appear as expressions of the same insight.

The volume is a piece of passionate special pleading, written with the heat -- and often with the wisdom, it must be said -- of a Liberal damning the shortsightedness of politicians from 1782 to 1832.

That he read some of the books assigned to him with a studied carefulness is evident from his notes, which are often so full that they provide an unquestionable basis for the identification of reviews that were printed without his signature.

The religious quest is often intense and deep, and there are students on every campus who are seriously wrestling with the most profound questions of meaning and value.

His neighbors celebrated his return, even if it was only temporary, and Morgan was especially gratified by the quaint expression of an elderly friend, Isaac Lane, who told him, `` A man that has so often left all that is dear to him, as thou hast, to serve thy country, must create a sympathetic feeling in every patriotic heart ''.

Without a precise knowledge of Germanic philology, however, it is debatable whether their use was not more often a source of confusion and error than anything else.

Youth may be, and often is, skeptical, cynical or despairing ; ;

Although Patchen has given previous evidence of an interest in jazz, the musical group that he works with, the Chamber Jazz Sextet, is often ignored by jazz critics.

He is forced to play for little money, and must often take another job to live.

Roughly 88 % of people affected with AVM are asymptomatic ; often the malformation is discovered as part of an autopsy or during treatment of an unrelated disorder ( called in medicine " an incidental finding "); in rare cases its expansion or a micro-bleed from an AVM in the brain can cause epilepsy, deficit or pain.

In cattle, goats and wild ruminants infection is usually asymptomatic despite high virus levels in blood.

BV can be asymptomatic in almost half of affected women, however the most common symptom of BV is an abnormal homogeneous off-white vaginal discharge ( especially after vaginal intercourse ) that may be accompanied by an unpleasant ( usually fishy ) smell.

Emergent treatment is not needed if the person is asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic.

After 4 – 8 weeks, individuals with active infections enter the chronic phase of Chagas disease that is asymptomatic for 60 – 80 % of chronically infected individuals through their lifetime.

Chagas disease is a growing problem in Europe, because the majority of cases with chronic infection are asymptomatic and because of migration from Latin America.

Chlamydial infection of the neck of the womb ( cervicitis ) is a sexually transmitted infection which is asymptomatic for about 50-70 % of women infected with the disease.

Of those who have an asymptomatic infection that is not detected by their doctor, approximately half will develop pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID ), a generic term for infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and / or ovaries.

The latter test is relatively insensitive, successfully detecting only 60-80 % of infections in asymptomatic women, and often giving falsely positive results.

An infection that does not and will not produce clinically evident impairment of normal functioning, such as the presence of the normal bacteria and yeasts in the gut, is not considered a disease ; by contrast, an infection that is asymptomatic during its incubation period, but expected to produce symptoms later, is usually considered a disease.

In this model, it is possible for a person to be diseased without being ill ( to have an objectively definable, but asymptomatic, medical condition ), and to be ill without being diseased ( such as when a person perceives a normal experience as a medical condition, or medicalizes a non-disease situation in his or her life ).

Hyperthyroidism may be asymptomatic, but when it is not, symptoms are due to an excess of thyroid hormone.

The only real difference is that dogs tend to appear to be asymptomatic, with the exception of having an enlarged thyroid gland appearing as a lump on the neck.

In these rats infection is in a persistent asymptomatic state.

In most of these cases, LEMS is the first symptom of the lung cancer, and it is otherwise asymptomatic.

It is important to note that even asymptomatic PID can and does cause serious harm.

Hepatic involvement in RA is essentially asymptomatic.

The simultaneous treatment of all close contacts is recommended, even if they show no symptoms of infection ( asymptomatic ), to reduce rates of recurrence.

In the jungle, mainly non-human primates get infected ; the disease is mostly asymptomatic in African primates.

In most cases infection is asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms.