Anomalous dispersion happens in areas of rapid spectral variation with respect to the refractive index.

Anomalous dispersion plays a fundamental role in achieving backward propagating and superluminal light.

* Anomalous dispersion ( optics ), when the speed of an electromagnetic wave increases with increasing frequency

Davidson, for example, subscribes to Anomalous Monism, according to which there can be no strict psycho-physical laws which connect mental and physical events under their descriptions as mental and physical events.

Anomalous propagation can be a limiting factor for the propagation of radiowaves, especially the super refraction.

Anomalous operation, also known as anomalous perturbation, is any paranormal phenomena in which it is said that an individual ( a ) uses Psi ( parapsychology ) to influence a physical event, or ( b ) to effect a physical change, in object.

Clutter may also originate from multipath echoes from valid targets caused by ground reflection, atmospheric ducting or ionospheric reflection / refraction ( e. g. Anomalous propagation ).

Anomalous scaling appears also in classical physics.

He also contributed to a symposium on The Psychology of Anomalous Experience at the British Association Annual Festival in Birmingham in September 1996.

An example of Anomalous operation would be the use of Psi to manipulate a random number generator into giving out pre-selected results, or causing a compass needle to change its heading.

* Anomalous X-ray scattering ( MAD or SAD phasing ) – the X-ray wavelength may be scanned past an absorption edge of an atom, which changes the scattering in a known way.

Anomalous X-ray Pulsars ( AXPs ) are now widely believed to be magnetars — young, isolated, highly magnetized neutron stars.

" Anomalous diffusion " commonly refers only to this very generic model, and not the many other possibilities that might be described as anomalous.

Anomalous perturbations are divided into two categories based on the magnitude of its effects, Macro-AP and Micro-AP.

** Anomalous dynamics ( Random walk # Anomalous diffusion ), the stochastic motion of objects with mean squared displacement ( MSD ) that deviates from the relation for normal dynamics, MSD ~ t, where t is the time the process is seen ; anomalous dynamics are either faster than normal dynamics ( MSD > t ) or slower ( MSD < t )

Among these are the Koestler Parapsychology Unit at the University of Edinburgh ; the Parapsychology Research Group at Liverpool Hope University ( this closed in April 2011 ); the SOPHIA Project at the University of Arizona ; the Consciousness and Transpersonal Psychology Research Unit of Liverpool John Moores University ; the Center for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes at the University of Northampton ; and the Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit at Goldsmiths, University of London.

* Anomalous increase of the astronomical unit: Recent measurements indicate that planetary orbits are widening faster than if this were solely through the sun losing mass by radiating energy.

Cepheid variables are divided into several subclasses which exhibit markedly different masses, ages, and evolutionary histories: Classical Cepheids, Type II Cepheids, Anomalous Cepheids, and Dwarf Cepheids.

Anomalous meteorites are members of well-established groups that are different enough in some important property to merit distinction from the other members.

Anomalous propagation ( shorten as Anoprop ) includes different forms of electromagnetic ( EM ) wave propagation that are not encountered in a standard atmosphere due to a non standard distribution of temperature and humidity with height in the atmosphere.

Anomalous planes are planes which do not fit into other categories.

Anomalous theories have been studied in great detail and are often founded on the celebrated Atiyah – Singer index theorem or variations thereof ( see, for example, the chiral anomaly ).

Anomalous Propagation is different from ground clutter, ocean reflections ( sea clutter ), biological returns from birds and insects, debris, chaff, sand storms, volcanic eruption plumes, and other non-precipitation meteorological phenomena.

He was, for the final years of his life, president of the Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena.

On the other hand, Anomalous Diffraction Theory applies to optically soft but larger particles.

Anomalous compared with the three distinctions already made is the small region of the Oltrepò Pavese, formed by the Apennine foothills beyond the Po River.

* “ Functionalism and Anomalous Monism ”, in Ernest LePore and Brian McLaughlin, eds., Actions and Events: Perspectives on the Philosophy of Donald Davidson ( Blackwell, Oxford, 1985 ), pp. 387 – 98

Anomalous Propagation ( AP ) refers to false radar echoes usually observed when calm, stable atmospheric conditions, often associated with super refraction in a temperature inversion, direct the radar beam toward the ground.

From 1984 – 1986, Kazuma Yamane studied the development of cute handwriting, which he called Anomalous Female Teenage Handwriting, in depth.

In 2011, Bem published the article " Feeling the Future: Experimental Evidence for Anomalous Retroactive Influences on Cognition and Affect " in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology that offered statistical evidence for psi.

* Nocturnal Lights ( NL ): Anomalous lights seen in the night sky.

They can aid the dispersion of the catalytic material or bind to reagents.

As an example, oil and water can form, firstly, an oil-in-water emulsion, where the oil is the dispersed phase, and water is the dispersion medium.

Additionally, since different frequencies of light have slightly different indexes of refraction in most materials, refraction can be used to produce dispersion spectra that appear as rainbows.

This failure of panmixia leads to two important changes in overall population structure: ( 1 ). the component gamodemes vary ( through gamete sampling ) in their allele frequencies when compared with each other and with the theoretical panmictic original ( this is known as dispersion, and its details can be estimated using expansion of an appropriate binomial equation ); and ( 2 ).

The electrical properties can be fine-tuned using the methods of organic synthesis and by advanced dispersion techniques.

In networking, in particular IP networks such as the Internet, jitter can refer to the variation ( statistical dispersion ) in the delay of the packets.

Such devices can be sensitive to: modal distribution, wavelength, contamination, vibration, temperature, damage due to power bursts, may cause back reflections, may cause signal dispersion etc.

Biofilm development can be divided into several key steps including attachment, microcolony formation, biofilm maturation and dispersion ; and in each step bacteria may recruit different components and molecules including flagellae, type IV pili, DNA and exopolysaccharides.

It can be further minimized by using an achromatic lens or achromat, in which materials with differing dispersion are assembled together to form a compound lens.

Note that " achromat " and " apochromat " refer to the type of correction ( 2 or 3 wavelengths correctly focused ), not the degree ( how defocused the other wavelengths are ), and an achromat made with sufficiently low dispersion glass can yield significantly better correction than an achromat made with more conventional glass.

These hybridized glasses have a very low level of optical dispersion ; only two compiled lenses made of these substances can yield a high level of correction.

Atmospheric sciences can include studies of meteorology, greenhouse gas phenomena, atmospheric dispersion modeling of airborne contaminants, sound propagation phenomena related to noise pollution, and even light pollution.

The scattering angle ( that is, the amount that the electron's path is deflected ) can also be measured, giving information about the dispersion relation of whatever material excitation caused the inelastic scattering.

This is distinctly different from the related phenomenon of optical rotatory dispersion ( ORD ), which can be observed at wavelengths far from any absorption band.

Effects like dispersion and reflection can also be understood using this model.

However, wherever a minimum occurs in the dispersion relation, the minimum can be approximated by a quadratic curve in the small region around that minimum, for example:

More generally, " waveguide " dispersion can occur for waves propagating through any inhomogeneous structure ( e. g., a photonic crystal ), whether or not the waves are confined to some region.

Material dispersion can be a desirable or undesirable effect in optical applications.

These higher momenta powers in the dispersion relation can be traced back as having their origin in higher dimensional ( i. e. non-renormalizable ) terms in the Lagrangian.

According to the proposed perigenetic mechanism, inflammation-associated signaling molecules, such as TNF-α, can alter gastric epithelial cell adhesion and lead to the dispersion and migration of mutated epithelial cells without the need for additional mutations in tumor suppressor genes, such as genes that code for cell adhesion proteins.

Its incomplete treatment of dispersion can adversely affect the accuracy of DFT ( at least when used alone and uncorrected ) in the treatment of systems which are dominated by dispersion ( e. g. interacting noble gas atoms ) or where dispersion competes significantly with other effects ( e. g. in biomolecules ).

The most important are the overall dispersion of the laser's optical resonator, which can be controlled with a prism compressor or some dispersive mirrors placed in the cavity, and optical nonlinearities.