Aravot suggests that the narrative-myth “ imposes meaning specifically on what is still inexplicable ”, i. e. the essence of a city.

The oldest recorded minhag is that of ' beating the Aravot ' ( Willow Branches ) on Hoshanah Rabbah, and dates back to the era of the Prophets.

Iris Aravot puts forward an interesting approach to the urban design process, with the idea of the ‘ narrative-myth ’.

Gale Owen-Crocker ( Professor of Anglo-Saxon, University of Manchester ) in The Four Funerals in Beowulf ( 2000 ) argues that a passage in the poem, commonly known as “ The Lay of the Last Survivor ” ( lines 2247 – 66 ), is an additional funeral.

Latour suggests that about 90 % of contemporary social criticism in academia displays one of two approaches which he terms “ the fact position and the fairy position .” ( p. 237 ) The fact position is anti-fetishist, arguing that “ objects of belief ” ( e. g., religion, arts ) are merely concepts onto which power is projected ; the “ fairy position ” argues that individuals are dominated, often covertly and without their awareness, by external forces ( e. g., economics, gender ).

His argues that all ontogenetic events are the “ mechanical ” result of differential cell growth.

As Olwen Hufton argues, these women began to see themselves as the “ defenders of faith ”.

Although alteration or transformation of jazz by new influences has often been initially criticized as a “ debasement ,” Andrew Gilbert argues that jazz has the “ ability to absorb and transform influences ” from diverse musical styles.

He argues that transnational police information circuits help to “ compose the panic scenes of the security-control society ”.

The English sociologist Roy Wallis argues that a sect is characterized by “ epistemological authoritarianism ”: sects possess some authoritative locus for the legitimate attribution of heresy.

Dr. Bruce Hoffman has argued that failing to differentiate between state and non-state violence ignores the fact that there is a “ fundamental qualitative difference between the two types of violence .” Hoffman argues that even in war there are rules and accepted norms of behavior that prohibit certain types of weapons and tactics and outlaw attacks on specific categories of targets.

He argues that “ the use of terror tactics is common in international relations and the state has been and remains a more likely employer of terrorism within the international system than insurgents.

Mill argues that if people who are “ competently acquainted ” with two pleasures show a decided preference for one even if it be accompanied by more discontent and “ would not resign it for any quantity of the other ” then it is legitimate to regard that pleasure as being superior in quality.

' He argues that one of the main reasons for introducing rule utilitarianism was to do justice to the general rules that people need for moral education and character development and he proposes that “ a difference between act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism can be introduced by limiting the specificity of the rules, i. e., by increasing their generality .” This distinction between a ‘ specific rule utilitarianism ’ ( which collapses into act utilitarianism ) and ‘ general rule utilitarianism ’ forms the basis of Hare ’ s two-level utilitarianism.

Adams argues that Jack will only have skipped the less interesting bits of the cathedral if “ he had been less interested in seeing everything in the cathedral than in maximizing utility.

Adams concludes that “ right action, by act-utilitarian standards, and right motivation, by motive-utilitarian standards, are incompatible in some cases .” The necessity of this conclusion is rejected by Fred Feldman who argues that “ the conflict in question results from an inadequate formulation of the utilitarian doctrines ; motives play no essential role in it …( and that )… Precisely the same sort of conflict arises even when MU is left out of consideration and AU is applied by itself .” Instead, Feldman proposes a variant of act utilitarianism that results in there being no conflict between it and motive utilitarianism.

He argues that it is possible to distinguish the moral impulse of utilitarianism, which is “ to define the right as good consequences and to motivate people to achieve these ” from our ability to correctly apply rational principles which will among other things “ depend on the perceived facts of the case and on the particular moral actor ’ s mental equipment .” The fact that the latter is limited and can change doesn ’ t mean that the former has to be rejected.

In Satisficing Consequentialism Michael Slote argues for a form of utilitarianism where “ an act might qualify as morally right through having good enough consequences, even though better consequences could have been produced .” One advantage of such a system is that it would be able to accommodate the notion of supererogatory actions.

Harsanyi argues that the objection overlooks the fact that “ people attach considerable utility to freedom from unduly burdensome moral obligations … most people will prefer a society with a more relaxed moral code, and will feel that such a society will achieve a higher level of average utility — even if adoption of such a moral code should lead to some losses in economic and cultural accomplishments ( so long as these losses remain within tolerable limits ).

Simon Wiesenthal argues that “ the Holocaust transcended the confines of Jewish community and that there were other victims .” In the mid-1970s new discourses emerged that challenged the exclusivity of the Jewish genocide within the Holocaust, though not without great resistance.

Captain Picard argues that one's personal certitude is not relevant and that the Prime Directive is meant to prevent “ us ” from letting our emotions overwhelm our judgment.

Christoph Bulst argues that Cinna was killed in “ an absolutely un-political mutiny ,” pointing out that there is no mention of specific opposition against Cinna, and that he did not even feel the need to travel with a bodyguard.

Drexler argues that we may need to wait until our conventional nanotechnology improves before solving these issues: " Molecular manufacturing will result from a series of advances in molecular machine systems, much as the first Moon landing resulted from a series of advances in liquid-fuel rocket systems.

David Chalmers argues that quantum theories of consciousness suffer from the same weakness as more conventional theories.

Though conventional wisdom often understood it to be Zerubbabel and Joshua, Boda argues that, because of the important role that prophets were said to play in the reconstruction of the Temple in Zech 8. 9, Haggai and Zechariah are the sons of oil.

He also argues that conventional national and state borders are largely artificial and irrelevant, and that his " nations " provide a more accurate way of understanding the true nature of North American society.

He also argues that there are no genealogies that confirm the conventional dates for Ramesses II in the 13th century BC.

Myths, Lies, and Downright Stupidity: Get Out the Shovel – Why Everything You Know Is Wrong, which was published in 2007 by Hyperion, questions the validity of various conventional wisdoms, and argues that the belief he is conservative is untrue.

He argues in his 1996 book Telling the Truth that God created the world, knows more about it than anyone else, and explains its nature in the Bible, so " biblical objectivity " accurately depicts the world as it is, whereas conventional journalistic objectivity shows either a blind materialism or a balancing of subjectivities.

The New Chronology is a fringe theory in pseudo-history, which argues that the conventional chronology is fundamentally flawed, that events attributed to antiquity such as the histories of Rome, Greece and Egypt actually occurred during the Middle Ages, more than a thousand years after the time to which they have conventionally been assigned.

In The Blitzkrieg Myth, Mosier argues that the supposedly revolutionary concept of blitzkrieg has been overrated and that most of the victories on both sides were the result of conventional military tactics.

However, David Chalmers argues that quantum theories of consciousness suffer from the same weakness as more conventional theories.

In this chapter Skinner argues for a more precise definition of freedom, one that allows for his conception of determinism ( action that is free from certain kinds of control ), and speaks to the conventional notion of freedom.

John Klause does not suggest that the poem commemorates specific individuals, but argues that its Catholic imagery satirises the conventional Protestant attitudes expressed in Chester's poem, and that it represents a subtle protest against the project of lauding the Protestant John Salusbury, whose imagined death it celebrates.

In Might is Right, Redbeard rejects conventional ideas of human and natural rights and argues that only strength or physical might can establish moral right ( à la Callicles ).

One possible explanation for this progression argues that children are socialized from childhood to conform to gender roles and during early adolescence cognitive developments promote active self-presentation and anxiety over peer-perceptions ; as a result, early adolescents become more consciously aware of both the benefits of conventional gender identity and the threat of ridicule or rejection in response to unorthodox behavior.

Karsh argues that " conventional view – absolving Middle Easterners and blaming the West – is academically unsound and morally reprehensible.

The idea that landownership rents and tributes are part of the surplus product, as Marx argues, makes no sense at all in conventional economics.

Kennet Allott, in defending against any possible harsh criticism of " Ode to Psyche ", argues that the poem " is the Cinderella of Keats's great odes, but it is hard to see why it should be so neglected, and at least two poets imply that the conventional treatment of the poem is shabby and undeserved ".

* Hossein Nasr, a political ecologist, argues that the concept of the Khilafah ( Islamic caliphate ) is fundamentally compatible with ideals of the ecology movement and peace movement, more so than expressed through conventional interpretations of Islam.

Searle disagrees with this analysis and argues that " the study of the mind starts with such facts as that humans have beliefs, while thermostats, telephones, and adding machines don't ... what we wanted to know is what distinguishes the mind from thermostats and livers.

Philippians has been the subject of much research and Ralph P. Martin argues that Philippians 2 may be considered the beginning of the field of Christology, specifically referring to the rich analysis that Apostle Paul began in.

Bruner ’ s analysis of developmental psychology became the core of a pedagogical movement known as constructivism, which argues that the child is an active participant in making meaning and must be engaged in the progress of education for learning to be effective.

* Michael Halliday's systemic functional grammar argues that the explanation of how language works " needed to be grounded in a functional analysis, since language had evolved in the process of carrying out certain critical functions as human beings interacted with their ... ' eco-social ' environment ".

Michael Novak, a specialist in the religious beliefs of the Founding Fathers, argues that the promotion of multiculturalism, moral relativism, and secularism among academics results in academic censorship that affects information and analysis supporting the Judeo-Christian heritage.

While Leonardo's experimentation followed clear scientific methods, a recent and exhaustive analysis of Leonardo as scientist by Frtijof Capra argues that Leonardo was a fundamentally different kind of scientist from Galileo, Newton and other scientists who followed him in that, as a Renaissance Man, his theorising and hypothesising integrated the arts and particularly painting.

In Full Employment and Free Trade ( 1948 ) Polanyi analyses the way in which money circulates around an economy, and in a monetarist analysis that according to Paul Craig Roberts was thirty years ahead of its time, he argues that a free market economy should not be left to be wholly self-adjusting, a central bank should attempt to moderate economic booms / busts via a strict / loose monetary policy.

He argues that the explanation of how language works " needed to be grounded in a functional analysis, since language had evolved in the process of carrying out certain critical functions as human beings interacted with their ... ' eco-social ' environment ".

Krantz argues, on the basis of an analysis by Igor Bourtsev, that since Patterson's height is known, a reasonable calculation can be made of his pace.

On the basis of this analysis, Krantz argues that a speed of 24 frames per second can be quickly dismissed and that " may safely rule out 16 frames per second and accept the speed of 18.

A similar analysis is present in more recent works, such as those of Graeme Gill, who argues that " was not a natural flow-on of earlier developments ; formed a sharp break resulting from conscious decisions by leading political actors.

For example, in his analysis of the Book of Proverbs he argues that its sayings are " inferior in keenness to the proverbs of the Spaniards, and not more wise and economical than those of the American Franklin ".

This theory argues that values, sentiments, attitudes, ideas, beliefs, and choices should be used to explain and predict human behavior, not demographics, or " structural units of analysis " ( i. e., characteristics of populations ) ( London and Palen, 1984 ).

Second, based on cognitive linguistics ' analysis of figurative language, he argues that the reasoning we use for such abstract topics as warfare, economics, or morality is somehow rooted in the reasoning we use for such mundane topics as spatial relationships.

Finally, based on research in cognitive psychology and some investigations in the philosophy of language, he argues that very few of the categories used by humans are actually of the black-and-white type amenable to analysis in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions.

Founding his analysis on the works of Palladius and Columella Dumezil argues that while the Lucaria were devoted to the dressing of woods, clearing the undergrown bushes by cutting on the 19 and then by uprooting on the 21, ( and burning them afterwards ), the Neptunalia were spent in outings under branch huts ( umbrae, casae frondeae ), in a wood between the Tiber and the Via Salaria, drinking springwater and wine to escape the heat.

Amartya Sen argues that " the systematically inferior position of women inside and outside the household in many societies points to the necessity of treating gender as a force of its own in development analysis.

" For example, Lourdes Beneria argues that judgments about policies leading to greater well-being should be central to economic analysis.

Likewise, Gary Taylor in his analysis of the authorship of 1 Henry VI, argues that the many discrepancies between 1 Henry VI and 2 Henry VI ( such as the lack of reference to Talbot ) coupled with similarities in the vocabulary, phraseology and tropes of 1 Henry VI and 3 Henry VI suggest 1 Henry VI was probably written last.

Military historian John A. Lynn argues that prospect theory provides an intriguing if not completely verifiable framework of analysis for understanding Louis XIV's foreign policy nearer to the end of his reign ( Lynn, pp. 43 – 44 ).

Edward Cone (" Analysis Today ") argues that musical analysis lies in between description and prescription.

For instance, the religious philosopher Ninian Smart begins his Worldviews: Cross-cultural Explorations of Human Beliefs with " Exploring Religions and Analysing Worldviews " and argues for " the neutral, dispassionate study of different religious and secular systems — a process I call worldview analysis.

The third claim of functional analysis that Merton argues is that of indispensability.

Therefore, Mill argues, our moral analysis should ignore matters of intention, and so we should reject DDE, which appeals to a distinction between intended and unintended consequences.