Confucius ' concept of humaneness () is probably best expressed in the Confucian version of the ethic of reciprocity, or the Golden Rule: " Do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you.

The concept of " work ethic " is attached to the theodicy of fortune ; thus, because of the Protestant " work ethic ," there was a contribution of higher class outcomes and more education amongst Protestants.

Religious meditations upon the Virgin Mary were partially responsible for the development of chivalry as an ethic and lifestyle: the concept of the honor of a lady and knightly devotion to her, coupled with an obligatory respect for all women, factored prominently as central to the very identity of medieval knighthood.

Carol Gilligan famously championed the role of relationships as central to moral reasoning, and superior as a basis for understanding human choices than any prior linguistic or meta-ethical concept ( see ethic of care ).

Because the proponents of the concept came from different cultural backgrounds, no single definition of the term exists, but typically " Asian values " encompass some influences of Confucianism, in particular loyalty towards the family, corporation, and nation ; the forgoing of personal freedom for the sake of society's stability and prosperity ; the pursuit of academic and technological excellence ; and work ethic and thrift.

First and foremost to Levy's principles is the concept of the hacker ethic and the popularization of them to popular culture.

* Protestant work ethic ( sometimes referred to as Puritan work ethic ), a social concept first referred to in the works of sociologist Max Weber

The Protestant work ethic ( or the Puritan work ethic ) is a concept in theology, sociology, economics and history which emphasizes hard work, frugality and prosperity as a display of a person's salvation in the Christian faith.

Marxists, and some non-Marxist sociologists, think " work ethic " is not a useful sociological concept.

In Confucianism, the concept of li is closely related to yì (), which is based upon the idea of reciprocity.

The concept of ethical reciprocity is not explicitly stated, but most Wiccans interpret the Rede to imply the Golden Rule in the belief that the spirit of the Rede is to actively do good for one's fellow humans as well as for oneself.

* Reciprocity ( social and political philosophy ), concept of reciprocity as in-kind positive or negative responses for the actions of others

He also argued against the concept of Imperial Federation, for greater Canadian independence from Britain, and in favour of reciprocity with the United States.

In nineteenth and early twentieth century Canadian politics, the term reciprocity was used to describe the concept of free trade with the United States.

The concept of reciprocity with the United States was revived in the 1985 when the Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada headed by former Liberal Minister of Finance Donald S. Macdonald issued a report calling for free trade with the US.

One problem of reciprocity, however, focuses on the unequal profit obtained from the concept of reciprocal concessions.

It is a concept similar to moral reciprocity and legal equality.

The Rule of Three has been compared by Karl Lembke to other ethics of reciprocity, such as the concept of karma in Dharmic religions and the " Golden Rule ".

At the same time, the Romantic reaction to the Enlightenment produced thinkers, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and later Wilhelm Dilthey, whose work formed the basis for the " culture concept ," which is central to the discipline.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ) is, according to the ATM Forum, " a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU ( formerly CCITT ) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals ," and is designed to unify telecommunication and computer networks.

Bayesian probability interprets the concept of probability as " an abstract concept, a quantity that we assign theoretically, for the purpose of representing a state of knowledge, or that we calculate from previously assigned probabilities ," in contrast to interpreting it as a frequency or " propensity " of some phenomenon.

There were many diverse Christian communities with wildly different Christologies, eschatologies, soteriologies, and cosmologies that existed alongside the " Early Church " which is itself a projected concept to indicate which communities were " proto-orthodox ," in that their views would become dominate.

In his On the Will in Nature, " Physiology and Pathology ," Schopenhauer said that a concept is " drawn off from previous images ... by putting off their differences.

The term " cyberspace " was first used by the cyberpunk science fiction author William Gibson, though the concept was described somewhat earlier, for example in the Vernor Vinge short story " True Names ," and even earlier in John M. Ford's novel, Web of Angels.

* " On Thin Ice: How Advocates and Opponents Could Misread the Public's Views on Vouchers and Charter Schools ," Public Agenda, 1999 Public opinion study that concluded most Americans did not understand the voucher concept, even in communities that already had such programs.

The notion of a formal grammar may be closer to the intuitive concept of a " language ," one described by syntactic rules.

IKEA contends that it has been a pioneering force in sustainable approaches to mass consumer culture .. Kamprad refers to the concept as " democratic design ," meaning that the company applies an integrated approach to manufacturing and design ( see also environmental design ).

The Dirks case also defined the concept of " constructive insiders ," who are lawyers, investment bankers and others who receive confidential information from a corporation while providing services to the corporation.

: The knowledge base underlying the INTERNIST system is composed of two basic types of elements: disease entities and manifestations .... also contains a ... hierarchy of disease categories, organized primarily around the concept of organ systems, having at the top level such categories as " liver disease ," " kidney disease ," etc.

The Tractatus introduced many doctrines which later influenced logical positivism, including the concept of philosophy as a " critique of language ," and the possibility of making a theoretically principled distinction between intelligible and nonsensical discourse.

* " Mary ," a song by Pete Townshend written for the concept album Lifehouse

Lewis offers several analogies to explain this abstract concept: that of Jesus " paying the penalty " for a crime, " paying a debt ," or helping humanity out of a hole.

" Discoveries at Mehrgarh changed the entire concept of the Indus civilization ," according to Ahmad Hasan Dani, professor emeritus of archaeology at Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, " There we have the whole sequence, right from the beginning of settled village life.

Nāgārjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy is in the use of the concept of śūnyatā, or " emptiness ," which brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anātman ( no-self ) and pratītyasamutpāda ( dependent origination ), to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivāda and Sautrāntika ( extinct non-Mahayana schools ).

" According to Rand, " it is only the concept of ' Life ' that makes the concept of ' Value ' possible ," and, " the fact that a living entity is, determines what it ought to do .".

Even the idea and concept behind the Ampera was rooted in Opel with Frank Weber, the former " Global Vehicle Line Executive and Global Chief Engineer electric vehicle development ," being originally an Opel employee who was moved to the USA in order to advance the development of this concept in GM's home country instead of the German outpost that is Opel.

This concept, which shares much in common with phenomenology, Tolkien calls " recovery ," in the sense that one's unquestioned assumptions might be recovered and changed by an outside perspective.

Historically, however, the concept is one that has been of marked benefit to the people of the Western civilizational group.

But it is more than irony: one of the main reasons why nationalism is no longer a tenable concept is because it has spread throughout the planet.

It is interesting, however, that despite this strong upsurge in Southern writing, almost none of the writers has forsaken the firmly entrenched concept of the white-suited big-daddy colonel sipping a mint julep as he silently recounts the revenue from the season's cotton and tobacco crops ; ;

This concept has stimulated much basic research concerning the behavior of particulate biological materials, the pathogenesis of respiratory infections, the medical management of such diseases and defense against their occurrence.

271 - 307 ) indicate, that the concept of function in sociology has been built up from physiological and biological models, in which the notions of teleology, i.e., metaphysical purpose, are central.

Society here and abroad has been built around the dominating male -- even the Bible appears to endorse the concept.

The concept has a long history in philosophical and ethical thought.

Semantic ambiguity arises when a word or concept has an inherently diffuse meaning based on widespread or informal usage.

The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny quantities has been around for millennia, but these ideas were founded in abstract, philosophical reasoning rather than experimentation and empirical observation.

As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to Alhazen, René Descartes ( Discourse on the Method ) and Galileo Galilei.

JBK has pushed the concept of " regional " heathenry as opposed to national " internet heathenry ", and has formed an active network of " Midwest Tribes " which if organized would be one of the largest organizations in America, regularly drawing attendance of over 200 to their yearly event ( Lighting Across the Plains ).

The desire to create air portable armoured vehicles that can still take on conventional MBTs has usually resulted ATGM armed light vehicles or in protected / armoured / mobile gun system style vehicles in which a lack of armour protection being in part offset by the provision of a first look / first hit / first kill capability through the mating of a powerful gun to superior targeting electronics, a concept similar in operation to that of the US tank destroyers of WWII.

Although this concept remains a guiding principle of the profession, it is a concept that has been widely critiqued within the conservation profession and is now considered by many to be " a fuzzy concept ".

A discussion of every disease caused by modification of the various apoptotic pathways would be impractical, but the concept overlying each one is the same: the normal functioning of the pathway has been disrupted in such a way as to impair the ability of the cell to undergo normal apoptosis.

The name has been extended to many other entities, and the concept of a protective shield is found in other mythologies, while its form varies across sources.

He has recently married an 18-year-old trophy wife, Anne, a vain girl who is in love with Fredrik, but too immature to grasp the concept of marriage.

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalizing it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

The concept of a secular day of rest, not directly related to a religious day of rest, has been cited as justification for retention of restrictions on commercial activity on Sunday.

Some philosophers deny that the concept of " being " has any meaning at all, since we only define an object's existence by its relation to other objects, and actions it undertakes.

The concept has fallen into disuse in Australia.

Schaefer ’ s concept of " vocality " offers neither a compromise nor a synthesis of the views which see the poem as on the one hand Germanic, pagan, and oral and on the other Latin-derived, Christian, and literate, but, as stated by Monika Otter: "... a ' tertium quid ', a modality that participates in both oral and literate culture yet also has a logic and aesthetic of its own.

The defining characteristic of the battle as a concept in Military science has been a dynamic one through the course of military history, changing with the changes in the organisation, employment and technology of military forces.