Before the widespread availability of incendiary ammunition made commerce raiding too risky, they would also land or hover close to a merchant ship suspected of carrying contraband, order all ship's hands to leave in boats, then inspect the ship, and either destroy it or take it back to Germany as prize.

Before the general availability of early military non-lethal weapons in the mid 1990s, war-fighters had few or no casualty-limiting options for the employment of scalable force and were continually at risk whenever lethal force was prohibited during sensitive missions.

Before the widespread availability of Internet connectivity, computers were only connected by smaller private networks within a company or organization.

Before that, heavy taxes and outright bans on imports that competed with local produce severely limited the availability of foreign or unseasonal food, but now Finnish supermarkets and restaurants serve up a wide variety of food from all over the world.

Before the widespread availability of electric blenders, milkshake-type drinks were more like eggnog, or they were a hand-shaken mixture of crushed ice and milk, sugar, and flavorings.

Before implementing a virtual queue, some thought should be given to the availability of substitutes.

Before a project schedule can be created, the schedule maker should have a work breakdown structure ( WBS ), an effort estimate for each task, and a resource list with availability for each resource.

Before the availability of metal the oar was normally levered against 2 wooden pins called Thole pins inserted in the gunwhale.

Before the availability of genetic evidence, the classification of angiosperms ( also known as flowering plants, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta ) was based on their morphology ( particularly of their flower ) and biochemistry ( the kinds of chemical compounds in the plant ).

Before arrival to the hospital, the availability of advanced life support does not greatly improve the outcome for major trauma victims, when compared to the administration of basic life support.

Before the availability of lasers and other electric lights, heliostats were widely used to produce intense, stationary beams of light for scientific and other purposes.

Before the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Federal Air Marshal Service consisted of varying numbers of FAMs depending upon the perceived threat and funding availability.

Before the Second World War, metal was the standard material used for surface plates, however, after the war efforts of various countries put a strain on the availability of metal, a monument and metal shop owner ( Wallace Herman ) in Dayton, Ohio started using granite in place of metal for his surface plates.

Before the widespread availability of photography, the facial features of unidentified bodies were sometimes preserved by creating death masks so that relatives of the deceased could recognize them if they were seeking a missing person.

Before the availability of digital image and text processing tools, preparing camera-ready art for use in printing ( literal cut and paste or paste up ) depended heavily on the use of knives like the X-Acto for trimming and manipulating slips of paper.

Before the wide availability of inexpensive stainless steel cutlery they were used for cutting citrus fruit, tomatoes, and other acidic foods, the flavor of which would be tainted by steel knives and which would stain ordinary steel knives.

Before cheap Internet, there were some geographically compact communities where the culture encouraged Weinberg's egoless programming, and a developer could easily attract a lot of skilled kibitzers and co-developers.

Before the period of cheap turkeys, roast chicken would be more common than goose although chicken was still a once a year treat until the 1950s, goose being unsuitable for small groups of diners.

Before calculators were cheap and plentiful, people would use mathematical tables — lists of numbers showing the results of calculation with varying arguments — to simplify and drastically speed up computation.

Before the mid 19th century when cheap mild steel became available due to new methods of steelmaking, knives ( and other edged tools ) were made by welding a strip of steel on to the piece of iron that was to be formed into a knife, or sandwiching a strip of steel between two pieces of iron.

* Before conducting expensive tests, perform cheap tests that can rule out need for expensive tests.

Before the advent of cheap metal wares in industrialized societies, and later plastic, wood played a much greater part as the raw material for common objects.

Before numbers were even invented, counting devices were used to perform everyday calculations ; one of these devices was the abacus, which provided merchants good and accurate data when buying and selling goods.

Before Niebuhr's publication, cuneiform inscriptions were often thought to be merely decorations and embellishments, and no accurate decipherments or translations had been made up to that point.

* Before being able to determine the cause of the disease or malady, accurate diagnosis is required.

Before starting any climb an accurate weather forecast should be obtained and climbers should have the appropriate level of skill, warm clothing and equipment.

Before accepting the role of Roy Hinkley, he made Gilligan's Island producer Sherwood Schwartz promise him that when he made scientific statements they would be accurate.

Before her invention, the best instruments were only accurate to a few thousandths of an inch.

Before the production of accurate maps of Scotland in the nineteenth century it was not known for certain that Ben Nevis was the highest point in Britain, and it was often thought that Ben Macdui might be the higher.

Before any concrete planning to regain solvency could be undertaken, an accurate accounting of the railroad's condition was required.

Before the advent of quartz timepieces, merchant and military ships relied on highly accurate mechanical timepieces known as marine chronometers.

In theory, the < sup > 234 </ sup > U /< sup > 238 </ sup > U technique can be useful in dating samples between about 10, 000 and 2 million years Before Present ( BP ), or up to about eight times the half-life of < sup > 234 </ sup > U. As such, it provides a useful bridge in radiometric dating techniques between the ranges of < sup > 230 </ sup > Th /< sup > 238 </ sup > U ( accurate up to ca.

Before He left them He promised that His peace would be their portion to abide in their hearts and minds.

Before anything else, she would go to Doaty's grave with flowers from Doaty's forgotten garden.

Before the outbreak's end, Andover, Kansas, would record the year's only F5 tornado ( see Andover, Kansas Tornado Outbreak ).

Before the mention of Alemanni in the time of Caracalla, you would search in vain for Alemanni in the moderately detailed geography of southern Germany in Claudius Ptolemy, written in Greek in the mid-2nd century ; it is likely that at that time, the people who later used that name were known by other designations.

Before the closing of the acquisition, NYSE Euronext announced that the AMEX would be integrated with the Alternext European small-cap exchange and renamed the NYSE Alternext U. S.

Before his death, he was absolved from the excommunication ; moreover, the Pope also promised that the King of Hungary and his relatives would not be excommunicated without the special permission of the Pope.

Before leaving, he buried his sandals, shield, and sword under a huge rock and told her that, when their son grew up, he should move the rock and bring the weapons to his father, who would acknowledge him.

Before the 1910 season, Hugh Chalmers of Chalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highest batting average in Major League Baseball at the end of the season.

Before the thirteenth century, beer was flavoured with plants such as yarrow, wild rosemary, and bog myrtle, and other ingredients such as juniper berries, aniseed and ginger, which would be combined into a mixture known as gruit and used as hops are now used ; between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer flavoured with gruit was known as ale, while beer flavoured with hops was known as beer.

Before the impact, models of Jupiter's atmosphere had indicated that the break-up of the largest fragments would occur at atmospheric pressures of anywhere from 30 kilopascals to a few tens of megapascals ( from 0. 3 to a few hundred bar ), with some predictions that the comet would penetrate a layer of water and create a bluish shroud over that region of Jupiter.

Before he was assassinated, Umar decided that his successor would come from a group of six.

Before the advent of rock and roll, concept albums had their original heyday in jazz of the early to mid ' 50s with artists such as Nat King Cole and Frank Sinatra, the latter of whom would record numerous concept albums for Capitol throughout the last half of the ' 50s such as In the Wee Small Hours, Come Fly with Me, Where Are You?

Before the development of silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used ; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop ( typically 1. 4 to 1. 7 V per " cell ", with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers ), and required a large heat sink ( often an extension of the diode ’ s metal substrate ), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require.

Before the year 1830 drew to a close, both Marshal Sucre and Simón Bolívar would be dead ; the former, murdered ( on orders from a jealous General Flores, according to some historians ), and the latter, from tuberculosis.

Before the Prussians and their neighbors to the west, the Pomeranians, were finally brought to heel, Polish rulers and the Duchy of Masovia, both by then Christianised peoples, would be continually frustrated in their aims at northern expansion.

Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI.

Before anime began to be licensed in the U. S., fans who wanted to get a hold of anime would leak copies of anime movies and subtitle them to exchange with friends in the community, thus marking the start of fansubs.

Before the IBM representatives would explain the purpose of their visit, they insisted that Dorothy sign a non-disclosure agreement.

In addition to conflicts between his Spanish and German inheritances, conflicts of religion would be another source of tension during the reign of Charles V. Before Charles even began his reign in the Holy Roman Empire, in 1517, Martin Luther initiated what would later be known as the Reformation.

Before joining NASA as a member of the first group of scientist-astronauts in June 1965, he worked at the U. S. Geological Survey's Astrogeology Center at Flagstaff, Arizona, developing geological field techniques that would be used by the Apollo crews.

Before going to bed, each member of the household would leave an item of clothing or strip of cloth outside for Brighid to bless.

Before the Congress opened on 13 June, negotiations between Andrássy and the British Foreign Secretary Marquess of Salisbury had already " ended on 6 June by Britain agreeing to all the Austrian proposals relative to Bosnia-Herzegovina about to come before the congress while Austria would support British demands.

Before the end of 2008, Jeepster would also release another Belle & Sebastian compilation, The BBC Sessions, collecting the tracks that the band had recorded for the BBC in 1996, which included rarities and unreleased songs, together with live recordings from Belfast.