Before entering the service, Pfaff for five years did clerical work with a general merchandising and wholesale firm in New Orleans.

Before 1910 the difficulty of harmonizing the Proprium de Tempore and the Proprium Sanctorum, to which reference has been made, was only partly met in the thirty-seven chapters of general rubrics.

Before Constantius arrived, the Persian general Narses, who was possibly the king's brother, overran Mesopotamia and captured Amida.

Before facing Magnentius, Constantius first came to terms with Vetranio, a loyal general in Illyricum who had recently been acclaimed emperor by his soldiers.

Before the end of HST, the examination of Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons ( FRCS ) must be taken in general surgery plus the subspeciality.

Before insurance was established in the late 17th century, " friendly societies " existed in England, in which people donated amounts of money to a general sum that could be used for emergencies.

Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: " Before then ," he later wrote, " there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades.

Before Sima, histories were written as certain events or certain periods of history of states ; his idea of a general history affected later historiographers like Zheng Qiao ( 鄭樵 ) in writing Tongshi ( 通史 ) and Sima Guang ( 司馬光 ) in writing Zizhi Tongjian ( 資治通鑑 ).

Before this, martial arts were known only in general sense.

Before the powers could respond to the founding of the Roman Republic, Charles Albert, whose army had been trained by the exiled Polish general Albert Chrzanowski, renewed the war with Austria.

Before a segment's narrative pattern was complete, an overall color scheme was designed to the general mood of the music, and patterned to correspond with the development of the subject matter.

Before computerisation replaced manual filing systems in large fingerprint operations, manual fingerprint classification systems were used to categorize fingerprints based on general ridge formations ( such as the presence or absence of circular patterns on various fingers ), thus permitting filing and retrieval of paper records in large collections based on friction ridge patterns alone.

Before the 2010 United Kingdom general election it was divided into three constituencies contained wholly within the borough-Brent South, Brent East and Brent North.

Before the close of the war Custer received brevet promotions to brigadier general and major general in the regular army ( March 13, 1865 ) and major general of volunteers ( April 15, 1865 ).

Before the Deer Isle-Sedgwick Bridge connected to the mainland in 1939, the wharf was an essential link to Deer Isle in general, and Stonington in particular.

Before the establishment of centralized post offices, local offices were established in general stores, railroad depots and other public venues in densely populated areas.

Before the publication of Miscegenation, the word amalgamation, borrowed from metallurgy, had been in use as a general term for ethnic and racial intermixing.

Before the general election of 1994, GreenLeft organised an internal election on the party's political leadership.

Before the December 1918 general election he was the first of the AFIL members to resign his seat in favour of the Sinn Féin party's candidate and spoke in support of P. J.

Before motor transport became common, the Australian wool industry was heavily dependent on itinerant shearers who carried their swags from farm to farm ( called properties or " stations " in Australia ), but would not in general have taken kindly to being called " swagmen ".

Before the reigning monarch or one of his or her representatives ( the governor general or one of the lieutenant governors ) may enter a legislative chamber, the mace must be completely hidden from view.

Before the reform of the rite by Pope Pius XII, the blessing of the palms occurred inside the church within a service that followed the general outline of a Mass, with Collect, Epistle and Gospel, as far as the Sanctus.

Before the widespread availability of incendiary ammunition made commerce raiding too risky, they would also land or hover close to a merchant ship suspected of carrying contraband, order all ship's hands to leave in boats, then inspect the ship, and either destroy it or take it back to Germany as prize.

Before the widespread availability of Internet connectivity, computers were only connected by smaller private networks within a company or organization.

Before that, heavy taxes and outright bans on imports that competed with local produce severely limited the availability of foreign or unseasonal food, but now Finnish supermarkets and restaurants serve up a wide variety of food from all over the world.

Before the widespread availability of electric blenders, milkshake-type drinks were more like eggnog, or they were a hand-shaken mixture of crushed ice and milk, sugar, and flavorings.

Before implementing a virtual queue, some thought should be given to the availability of substitutes.

Before a project schedule can be created, the schedule maker should have a work breakdown structure ( WBS ), an effort estimate for each task, and a resource list with availability for each resource.

Before the availability of metal the oar was normally levered against 2 wooden pins called Thole pins inserted in the gunwhale.

Before the availability of cheap and accurate thermometers, cooks would use the ice water test, also known as the cold water test, to determine the saturation of the confection.

Before the availability of genetic evidence, the classification of angiosperms ( also known as flowering plants, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta ) was based on their morphology ( particularly of their flower ) and biochemistry ( the kinds of chemical compounds in the plant ).

Before arrival to the hospital, the availability of advanced life support does not greatly improve the outcome for major trauma victims, when compared to the administration of basic life support.

Before the availability of lasers and other electric lights, heliostats were widely used to produce intense, stationary beams of light for scientific and other purposes.

Before the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Federal Air Marshal Service consisted of varying numbers of FAMs depending upon the perceived threat and funding availability.

Before the Second World War, metal was the standard material used for surface plates, however, after the war efforts of various countries put a strain on the availability of metal, a monument and metal shop owner ( Wallace Herman ) in Dayton, Ohio started using granite in place of metal for his surface plates.

Before the widespread availability of photography, the facial features of unidentified bodies were sometimes preserved by creating death masks so that relatives of the deceased could recognize them if they were seeking a missing person.

Before the availability of digital image and text processing tools, preparing camera-ready art for use in printing ( literal cut and paste or paste up ) depended heavily on the use of knives like the X-Acto for trimming and manipulating slips of paper.

Before the wide availability of inexpensive stainless steel cutlery they were used for cutting citrus fruit, tomatoes, and other acidic foods, the flavor of which would be tainted by steel knives and which would stain ordinary steel knives.

Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore.

Carbon 14 dating of a cave at Laang Spean in northwest Cambodia reveals people who made pots were living in Cambodia as early as 4200 BCE ( Before the Common Era ).

Before the early 1840s, the cane toad had been introduced into Martinique and Barbados, from French Guiana and Guyana.

Before the early 18th century, the East India Company paid for its tea mainly in silver.

Before the advent of rock and roll, concept albums had their original heyday in jazz of the early to mid ' 50s with artists such as Nat King Cole and Frank Sinatra, the latter of whom would record numerous concept albums for Capitol throughout the last half of the ' 50s such as In the Wee Small Hours, Come Fly with Me, Where Are You?

Before the 1960s ( and in some cases decades after ), many materials science departments were named metallurgy departments, from a 19th and early 20th century emphasis on metals.

Before the early 1960s, computers were mainly used for number-crunching rather than for text, and memory was extremely expensive.

Before the development of practical electronic TV, there were patents on mechanically scanned color systems as early as 1889 in Russia.

The pre-history of Sri Lanka dates back over 125, 000 years Before Present ( BP ) and possibly even as early as 500, 000 BP.

Before the Province of New York was granted county subdivisions and a greater royal presence in 1683, the early ducal colony consisted of York Shire, as well as Albany and Ulster, after the three titles held by Prince James: Duke of York, Duke of Albany, Earl of Ulster.

Before the late 1970s and early 1980s, it was common for many smaller cities to have their own operators.

Before Origen's time, the evidence is inconclusive ; there is a lack of definite early quotations from the letter in the writings of the Apostolic Fathers, though possible use or influence has been located in the works of Clement of Alexandria ( d. c. 211 ), Theophilius ( d. c. 183 ), Aristides ( d. c. 134 ), Polycarp ( d. 155 ), and Justin ( d. 165 ).

Twentieth-Century Fox made a succession of war films realistically filmed in black-and-white in the early 1950s that highlighted little-known aspects of World War II, among them The Frogmen, Go For Broke !, You're in the Navy Now, and Decision Before Dawn.

Before blogging became popular, digital communities took many forms, including Usenet, commercial online services such as GEnie, BiX and the early CompuServe, e-mail listsThe term " e-log " has been used to describe journal entries sent out via e-mail since as early as March 1996.

Before he became widely known as an astronaut, the film Air Cadet ( 1951 ) starring Richard Long and Rock Hudson briefly featured Grissom early in the movie as a U. S. Air Force candidate for flight school at Randolph Field, San Antonio, Texas.

Before the Apollo XI moon landing in 1969, NASA began early studies of space shuttle designs.

Before that, the earliest known proto-frog was Triadobatrachus massinoti, from the 250 million year old early Triassic of Madagascar.

* Eugene N. Borza: Before Alexander: constructing early Macedonia.

The retrospective show Before the Fringe, broadcast during the early years of BBC 2, took its title from this production.

Before early modern nation-building, the Low Countries referred to a wide area of northern Europe as a low-lying triangular river delta for the rivers Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems.

Former Easterhouse guitarist Ivor Perry was brought in to replace Marr, and the band recorded some new material with him which was never completed, including an early version of " Bengali in Platforms " that was originally intended as the B-side of " Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before ".

Before the TCDD risk was well understood, early production facilities lacked proper temperature controls.

Before the widespread use of Unix, TOPS-10 was a particularly popular system in universities, and in the early ARPANET community.

Before this, Huang ( 皇 ) and Di ( 帝 ) were given as titles of a number of rulers from the era known as the " sage kings " period, supposedly predating written history, but probably coinciding with or following the invention and early stages of evolution for the Chinese writing system.