Before the widespread use of non-linear editing systems, the initial editing of all films was done with a positive copy of the film negative called a film workprint ( cutting copy in UK ) by physically cutting and pasting together pieces of film, using a splicer and threading the film on a machine with a viewer such as a Moviola, or " flatbed " machine such as a K .- E .- M. or Steenbeck.

Before digital technology became widespread, for many decades, the scanned data was transmitted as analog.

Before the widespread availability of incendiary ammunition made commerce raiding too risky, they would also land or hover close to a merchant ship suspected of carrying contraband, order all ship's hands to leave in boats, then inspect the ship, and either destroy it or take it back to Germany as prize.

Before motorized transport became widespread, drummers played a key role in military conflicts.

Before the widespread use of Unix, TOPS-10 was a particularly popular system in universities, and in the early ARPANET community.

Before the widespread adoption of the web and e-mail beginning around 1994, publications such as Factsheet Five formed a vital directory for connecting like-minded people.

Before the widespread use of a vaccine against measles, its incidence was so high that infection with measles was felt to be " as inevitable as death and taxes.

Before local elections and in the face of widespread residents ' opposition to the distribution center, the Buda City Council unanimously voted against the land change.

Before the use of chopsticks became widespread, in the Nara period, rice was often rolled into a small ball so that it could be easily picked up.

Before the vaccine to rubella was introduced in 1969, widespread outbreaks usually occurred every 6 – 9 years in the United States and 3 – 5 years in Europe, mostly affecting children in the 5-9 year old age group.

* Before the widespread adoption of CAD, engineering plans or architectural drawings were plotted onto sheets of boPET film.

Before the widespread availability of Internet connectivity, computers were only connected by smaller private networks within a company or organization.

Before the early 1970s, hand-held electronic calculators were not yet in widespread use.

Before the mission of Lunar Prospector lunar satellite, it was commonly thought that these KREEP materials had been formed in a widespread layer beneath the crust.

Before this the sale of hides, grain, honey, and wax to the Holy Roman Empire, Venice and Poland, and the import of silk, weapons and other manufactured goods from these areas had been widespread, but by the end of the 16th century the Ottoman Empire became the main market for Romanian products.

Before widespread formal education, Cantonese opera taught morals and messages to its audiences rather than being solely entertainment.

One of the first uses of perspective was in Giotto ’ s Jesus Before the Caïf, more than 100 years before Brunelleschi ’ s perspectival demonstrations galvanized the widespread use of convergent perspective of the Renaissance proper.

Before it was even in widespread service it was seeing major improvements.

Sariel is identified as being the same angel as Saraqael, said in the Book of Enoch to be the fifth archangel, set over spirits who sin in the spirit, change into all virtues, to eradicate particularly widespread vices of a city or a whole district and transform into all virtues, Before the identification of Sariel / Saraqael as the fifth archangel, however, the Book of Enoch identifies Sariel as one of the fallen host's " chiefs of tens.

Before the widespread use of gel electrophoresis, protein electrophoresis was performed as free flow electrophoresis, on paper, or as immunoelectrophoresis.

Before diesel engines came into widespread use, a similar system, using a petrol ( gasoline ) engine and called petrol-electric or gas-electric, was sometimes used.

Before widespread acceptance of any new test, the former test retains its status as the " gold standard.

Before the widespread use of online trading for the general public, paper trading was considered too difficult by many new investors.

Before electricity became sufficiently widespread and economical to allow for general public use, gas was the most popular means of lighting in cities and suburbs.

Before the general availability of early military non-lethal weapons in the mid 1990s, war-fighters had few or no casualty-limiting options for the employment of scalable force and were continually at risk whenever lethal force was prohibited during sensitive missions.

Before that, heavy taxes and outright bans on imports that competed with local produce severely limited the availability of foreign or unseasonal food, but now Finnish supermarkets and restaurants serve up a wide variety of food from all over the world.

Before implementing a virtual queue, some thought should be given to the availability of substitutes.

Before a project schedule can be created, the schedule maker should have a work breakdown structure ( WBS ), an effort estimate for each task, and a resource list with availability for each resource.

Before the availability of metal the oar was normally levered against 2 wooden pins called Thole pins inserted in the gunwhale.

Before the availability of cheap and accurate thermometers, cooks would use the ice water test, also known as the cold water test, to determine the saturation of the confection.

Before the availability of genetic evidence, the classification of angiosperms ( also known as flowering plants, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta ) was based on their morphology ( particularly of their flower ) and biochemistry ( the kinds of chemical compounds in the plant ).

Before arrival to the hospital, the availability of advanced life support does not greatly improve the outcome for major trauma victims, when compared to the administration of basic life support.

Before the availability of lasers and other electric lights, heliostats were widely used to produce intense, stationary beams of light for scientific and other purposes.

Before the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Federal Air Marshal Service consisted of varying numbers of FAMs depending upon the perceived threat and funding availability.

Before the Second World War, metal was the standard material used for surface plates, however, after the war efforts of various countries put a strain on the availability of metal, a monument and metal shop owner ( Wallace Herman ) in Dayton, Ohio started using granite in place of metal for his surface plates.

Before the widespread availability of photography, the facial features of unidentified bodies were sometimes preserved by creating death masks so that relatives of the deceased could recognize them if they were seeking a missing person.

Before the availability of digital image and text processing tools, preparing camera-ready art for use in printing ( literal cut and paste or paste up ) depended heavily on the use of knives like the X-Acto for trimming and manipulating slips of paper.

Before the wide availability of inexpensive stainless steel cutlery they were used for cutting citrus fruit, tomatoes, and other acidic foods, the flavor of which would be tainted by steel knives and which would stain ordinary steel knives.

Before the development of the electric guitar and the use of synthetic materials, a guitar was defined as being an instrument having " a long, fretted neck, flat wooden soundboard, ribs, and a flat back, most often with incurved sides ".

Before the middle of the 20th century, electric and diesel-electric locomotives began replacing steam locomotives.

Before an electric field is applied, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is determined by the alignment at the surfaces of electrodes.

Before the development of the transformer, electric power distribution primarily used direct current at the same voltage used by motors and lights.

Before moving into the castle in the 1890s, Wilbraham Tollemache, 2nd Baron Tollemache added central heating and electric light.

Before the invention of electric lighting, candles and oil lamps were commonly used for illumination.

Before printer's magenta was invented in the 1890s for CMYK printing, and electric magenta was invented in the 1980s for computer displays, these two artificially engineered colors were preceded by the color displayed at right, which is the color originally called fuchsine made from coal tar dyes in the year 1859.

Before public electric service was available, a diesel powered generator fed street lights ( and some homes?

" Before his death at age 83 in 1931, the prolific inventor amassed a record 1, 093 patents for creations including the phonograph, a stock ticker, the motion-picture camera, the incandescent lightbulb, a mechanical vote counter, the alkaline storage battery including one for an electric car, and the first commercial electric light.

Before the advent of solid state electronics, camshaft controllers were used to control the speed of electric motors.

Before an assemblage of horrified guests, an intoxicated Uday bludgeoned Gegeo, reputedly administering the coup de grâce with an electric carving knife.

Before this, Morrison had primarily recorded and performed with electric musicians.

Before the development of the electric toaster, sliced bread was toasted by placing it in a metal frame or a long-handled fork and holding it near a fire or kitchen grill.

" Before this, electric toasters cooked bread on one side and then it was flipped by hand to toast the other side.

On It Won't Be Soon Before Long, however, the songs are less personal, and are more electric with more use of synthesizers, creating a retro feel.

While their second jazz rock album, Where Have I Known You Before, ( 1974 ) was similar in style to its immediate predecessor, Corea now played synthesizers in addition to electric keyboards ( including piano ), and Clarke's playing had evolved considerably-now using flange and fuzz-tone effects, and with his now signature style beginning to emerge.

Before Lover, electric guitarists were forced to cope with the 60-cycle hum inherent in single coil pickups.

Before electric power to supply refrigeration, bodies would decay rapidly and become unusable for study.

Before electrification occurred in rural parts of the United States in the 1940s, some small dairy farms would have tractors but not electric power.

Before the advent of electronic computers, data processing was performed using electromechanical devices called unit record equipment, electric accounting machines ( EAM ) or tabulating machines.

Before World War II, the company had built steam -, petrol-and diesel-powered railcars for overseas customers, not to mention bus bodies for Midland Red, and afterwards developed more motive power products, including BR's Class 26, Class 33 ( both diesel ) and Class 81 ( electric ) locomotives.

With The Albion Dance Band, performing traditional material on a mixture of modern ( electric ) and mediaeval instruments, Collins recorded The Prospect Before Us.