Before the late modern era, the abbot was treated with the utmost reverence by the brethren of his house.

Due to the Gregorian calendar's obvious connotations of Western Christianity, non-Christians and even some Christians sometimes replace the traditional era notations " AD " and " BC " (" Anno Domini " and " Before Christ ") with " CE " and " BCE " (" Common Era " and " Before Common Era ").

Before the current positive era of Eastern and Oriental Orthodox dialogues, Chalcedonians sometimes used to call the non-Chalcedonians " monophysites ", though the Coptic Orthodox Church in reality regards monophysitism as a heresy.

Before the industrial era, travel by water was often easier than over land.

Before the Christian era, sodomy was not illegal in Greek or, most believe, in Roman law, between adult citizens, but homosexual acts between citizens were considered acceptable only under certain social circumstances.

Before the Cambrian era, it becomes much more difficult since there are fewer rock exposures preserved.

Before the VCR era, this would be the only opportunity audiences had of seeing a program more than once.

Before the computer mass storage era, most RTTY stations stored text on paper tape using paper tape punchers and readers.

Before the era of drug smuggling and human trafficking, smuggling had acquired a kind of nostalgic romanticism, in the vein of Robert Louis Stevenson's Kidnapped:

Before the modern era, the Bhikkhuni Sangha spread to most Buddhist countries including Burma ( also known as Myanmar ), with the notable exceptions being Tibet and Thailand.

Before this, Huang ( 皇 ) and Di ( 帝 ) were given as titles of a number of rulers from the era known as the " sage kings " period, supposedly predating written history, but probably coinciding with or following the invention and early stages of evolution for the Chinese writing system.

Before the steamboat era faded, Camden had become a railroad town — served by the mainline of the Texas and St. Louis ( Cotton Belt ) and by branch lines of the Missouri Pacific and the Rock Island railroads.

Before the Baroque era, keyboard music generally was not written for one instrument or another, but rather was written to be played on any keyboard instrument.

Before the era of printing, manuscripts were handwritten, and so few copies existed, explaining why so much has been lost.

Before the computer era, plaintext most commonly meant message text in the language of the communicating parties.

Before acquiring different forms of weaponry beginning in the colonial era, Seminole ancestors originally used spears with flint, bone or cane tips, war clubs studded with sharks ' teeth, and bows and arrows.

Before Spanish colonization ( a time referred to as the prehispanic era ), two large tribes, the Caribs and the Muiscas, inhabited this part of modern day Colombia.

Before the line closures of the Beeching era, the lines to Buxton and via Millers Dale were considered the main lines from London to Manchester, carrying named expresses such as The Palatine.

Before the Meiji era ( 1868 – 1912 ), each local region had its own timezone in which noon was set to when the sun is exactly at its zenith.

Before the tragedy, there was an era of static, idealized plastic art in the form of sculpture that represented the Apollonian view of the world.

Before the era of Napoleon, the area was divided into many small bits and pieces of independent states.

* University of Buffalo " Before Prohibition: Images from the preprohibition era when many psychotropic substances were legally available in America and Europe " Addiction Research Unit

Before the reform era, aspects of Chinese society also contributed to shaping the contemporary structure for maintaining public order.

Before the open era began, there was no prize money, other than an expense allowance, and no endorsement deals.

Before 1981, the approval process of justices was usually rapid.

Before the 1960s, there was very little research that studied the workings of short-term memory and rapid memory loss.

Before leaving for the East, Sulla and his colleague Quintus Pompeius Rufus blocked legislation of the tribune Publius Sulpicius Rufus to ensure the rapid organisation of the Italian Allies within the Roman citizenship.

Before rapid digital computers were available, the data processing was done using an optical holography technique.

Before the introduction of chess clocks in the mid 1950s chess club " rapid transit " tournaments had a referee who every ten seconds called out.

Before this, the attitude control system of Kosmos 133 malfunctioned, resulting in rapid consumption of orientation fuel, leaving it spinning at 2 rpm.

Before commercial Internet access became common, these networks of BBSes provided regional and international e-mail and message bases.

Before Guam's inclusion, calling the U. S. required dialing the international 011 first, thus resulting in higher long distance rates and less frequent calls to the U. S. by relatives in Guam.

Before 2003, diversification was hindered by limitations on privatization and the effects of the international sanctions of the 1990s.

Before Koštunica, the country was placed under international sanctions.

Before the independence of the country and till 1985, international communications were managed by Cable and Wireless, a private British company.

Before 1929, different countries had different definitions, and the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States did not immediately accept the international value.

Before WWII it had grown to become the second largest international auxiliary language in numbers of adherents, after Esperanto.

Before becoming Pope, he spent time at the then very liberal and cosmopolitan University of Padua, which maintained considerable independence from the Church and had a very international character.

Before the referendum, Abbas lobbied for international support for the GPRA, which was quickly recognized by Morocco, Tunisia, several other Arab countries, China, and a number of African and other Asian states but not by the Soviet Union.

* Umberto Eco's novel The Island of the Day Before ( 1995 ) ( L ' isola del giorno prima, 1994 ), a story about a 17th-century nobleman marooned across the international date line

Before these exchanges, the country was much more isolated on the international stage.

Before World War II, Deutscher opposed Zionism as economically retrograde and harmful to the cause of international socialism, but in the aftermath of the Holocaust he regretted his pre-war views, and argued a case for establishing Israel as a " historic necessity " to provide a home for the surviving Jews of Europe.

Before the events of the pilot episode, Black held a senior officer rank in Spectrum, an international security organisation inaugurated in 2067 that mobilises all its personnel, vehicles and other resources in response to the threat posed by the Mysterons.

Before the issue came to the attention of the world media, Dom Duarte contributed with several national and international campaigns for the political self-determination of the territory.

What was never in dispute, however, was that the OT used millions of forced laborers ( Zwangsarbeiter ) from the occupied countries of the Reich during World War II, and that the judging panel at the Nuremberg Trials ( formally, the " Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Court ") in 1946 sentenced Speer to 20 years ' imprisonment for having headed this organisation and thus sanctioned the international illegal use of forced labor.

In McCarthy's words, " Before meeting Jim Forrestal I thought we were losing to international Communism because of incompetence and stupidity on the part of our planners.

Before Outer Mongolia's effective independence of China ( circa 1920 ) the same firms also ran caravans into Urga, Uliassutai, and other centers of Outer Mongolia, and to the Russian border at Kyakhta, but with the creation of an international border, those routes came into decline.

Before Outer Mongolia's effective independence of China ( circa 1920 ) the same firms also ran caravans into Urga, Uliassutai, and other centers of Outer Mongolia, and to the Russian border at Kyakhta, but with the creation of an international border, those routes came into decline.

By far the most popular Finnish electronica artist is Darude ( Ville Virtanen ), who gained international success with his chart-topping single " Sandstorm ," and the following hit album " Before the Storm.

Before the opening of Melbourne Airport, Melbourne's main airport was Essendon Airport which was officially designated an international airport in 1950.

Before the advent of the Universal Postal Union in 1874, sending international mail was quite an adventure ; it might be necessary to affix the stamps of the destination country in addition to those of the origin, and in the worst cases, possibly for several other countries along the way.

Before taking the government post on 1 May 2001, Leung served in senior management positions at big international banks in Hong Kong.

Before the breakup, Yoshiki had already independently collaborated with Queen drummer Roger Taylor on the single " Foreign Sand " and provided the Japanese contribution to the international Kiss tribute album Kiss My Ass: Classic Kiss Regrooved, an orchestral arrangement of the song " Black Diamond ".

Before joining the Australian club, he made more than 500 appearances in the Football League and Premier League over an 18-year career, and represented England in international football.

Before the adaptation to international standards, the lowest degree that would normally be studied at universities in Denmark was equivalent to a master's degree ( Kandidat / cand. mag ).