By 1450, more than 3, 000 Venetian merchant ships were in operation.

By 1450, the Tatar language had become fashionable in the court of the Grand Prince of Moscow, Vasily II, who was accused of excessive love of the Tatars and their speech, and many Russian noblemen adopted Tatar surnames ( for example, a member of the Veliamanov family adopted the Turkic name " Aksak " and his descendents were the Aksakovs ) Many Russian boyar ( noble ) families traced their descent from the Mongols or Tatars, including Veliaminov-Zernov, Godunov, Arseniev, Bakhmetev, Bulgakov ( descendents of Bulgak ) and Chaadaev ( descendents of Genghis Khan's son Jagatay ).

By A. D. 1450, the Hohokam had constructed hundreds of miles of canals many of which are still in use today.

By about 1450 they had conquered the last of the indigenous people in a battle at Atiamuri.

By 1450 the Jewish kingdom managed to annex back the territories it lost beforehand and began preparing to fight the armies of the emperor.

By 1450, over 3, 000 Venetian merchant ships were in operation, both as supply ships for Venetian merchants and as warships for the Venetian navy.

By the 1430s and 1440s the English government was in major financial difficulties, leading to the crisis of 1450 and a popular revolt under the leadership of Jack Cade.

By then the largest eruptive column had reached 1450 metres into the air, carrying with it ash from the northwest for a distance of 20 kilometres ( 6 December ).

By 1450 it had certainly ceased to function as originally intended, and only the core of the alliance under Scanderbeg and Araniti Comino continued to fight on.

By 1450, the Ottoman Empire took up the connecting territory between Black and Mediterranean seas.

By 1450 it included a continuous surrounding wall, 3 metres thick at the base, with a height which varied from 8. 5 to 13. 5 metres, varying with the terrain.

By January 1450 D ' Estouteville had resigned his various offices and become the Administrator of the Diocese of Lodève.

By 1958 it moved to 690 and donated the 1450 signal to the city of New Orleans and became WNPS.

By 1450 almost all of the mints of northwest Europe had closed down for lack of silver.

By contrast, the British press were jubilant ; many newspapers sought to portray the battle as a victory for Britain over anarchy, and the success was used to attack the supposedly pro-republican Whig politicians Charles James Fox and Richard Brinsley Sheridan.

By June construction had reached the second level platform, and on Bastille Day this was used for a fireworks display, and Eiffel held a celebratory banquet for the press on the first level platform.

By determining the timing between the activation of the first and second switches, the velocity of a key press can be determined — greatly improving the performance dynamic of a keyboard.

By 1969 the popular press had taken notice, to the point that it was used as a plot device in Star Trek, and sparked fears of a " polywater gap " in the USA.

By 2004 the support for SLD in the polls had dropped from about 30 % to just below 10 %, and several high-ranking party members had been accused of taking part in high profile political scandals by the mainstream press ( most notably the Rywin affair: Rywin-gate ).

By banning the usage of imported words in the press, the association succeeded in removing several hundred foreign words from the language.

By the time Pre-Millennium Tension was released, Tricky was increasingly irritated with the press, particularly articles written in The Face magazine.

By 1972, the clean and press was discontinued because athletes started to push with legs and bend backwards instead of strictly pressing the weight overhead, and this left the sole elements of what is today's modern Olympic weightlifting programme – the snatch and the clean and jerk. The snatch entails pulling with a wide grip the barbell overhead without pressing out with the arms. It is a very precise lift that can be nullified by a lack of balance of the athlete. The clean and jerk is more forgiving using a narrower grip pull the bar to the shoulders and then using the strength of the legs push until arms reach full extension without a press out.

By this time the boys stopped enjoying their success ; businessmen selling green -/ pink merchandising, fans taping their private moments, girls fainting at concert in sports arenas and gossip press coverage were the order of the day for the band.

By 1839, scientists in Britain and Russia had independently devised metal deposition processes similar to Brugnatelli's for the copper electroplating of printing press plates.

By 1968, he became press officer for Apple Corps.

By 1705 he was a musical celebrity but this resulted in him becoming a target for negative articles in the press.

By the end of the 1994 – 95 season, Maloney was under considerable heat from the press and fan base for his handling of the team.

By February of that year, production was apparently completed on a sound version of The Devil's Playground, arguably qualifying it as the first Australian talking motion picture ; however, the May press screening of Commonwealth Film Contest prizewinner Fellers is the first verifiable public exhibition of an Australian talkie.

By Ivan's order in 1553 the Moscow Print Yard was established and the first printing press was introduced to Russia.

By contrast, world heavyweight champion " Gentleman " Jim Corbett had used many of the same techniques a decade earlier, and was praised by the press as " the cleverest man in boxing.

By not attending most NSC meetings, Truman ensured that Council members would seek him out to press their own viewpoints privately.

By using a press and a set of dies, one can reshape, deprime, reprime, recharge the case with gunpowder, and seat and crimp a new bullet ( or shot charge ) in place.

By this time, many people in the CAE and in the rest of the world thought Bokassa was insane, and the Western press, mostly in France, the UK, and USA, often compared his eccentric behavior and egotistical extravagance with that of Africa's other well-known eccentric dictator, Idi Amin of Uganda.

By all press accounts, he left no surviving relatives.

By early 1997, a visible decline in Farley's health was frequently noted in the press.

By 1843 Richard Hoe developed the rotary press, and in 1844 Samuel Morse sent the first public telegraph message.

By 1962, LANT had raised over £ 50, 000, the 7 locks from Tewkesbury to Evesham were restored to working order, re-opening the Lower Avon, and plans were already being made to rebuild Evesham Town Lock and press on towards Stratford.

By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.

By now Curt was seeing clearly again.

By her eighteenth birthday her bent for writing was so evident that Papa and Mamma gave her a Life Of Dickens as a spur to her aspiration.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

By our policy the West was -- is -- split.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women.

By late afternoon the train inched into the marshaling yards in the railhead at Lublin, which was filled with lines of cars poised to pour the tools of war to the Russian front.

By odd coincidence, on the evening of her return Shelley chose to read Parisina, which was the latest of the titled poet's successes.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By Nov. 8, 1958, weakness, specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature, was pronounced, and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs ''.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.