By John Singleton Copley ( 1738 – 1815 )

By 1815, Britain became the principal power in the Indian Ocean.

By 1815, Pittsburgh was producing significant quantities of iron, brass, tin and glass products.

By 1815, Jefferson's library included 6, 487 books, which he sold to the Library of Congress for $ 23, 950 to replace the smaller collection destroyed in the War of 1812.

By 1815, Williams had only two buildings and 58 students and was in financial trouble, so the board voted to move the college to Amherst, Massachusetts.

By 1815, Europe had been almost constantly at war.

By 1815, the United States, the primary client for Turks salt, had been at war with Britain ( and hence Bermuda ) for three years, and had established other sources of salt.

By 1815 the Whigs were still far from being a ' party ' in the modern sense.

By August 1815 the whole Alvearista faction was in disgrace and Posadas was jailed.

By 1688, matters had calmed down enough that a new chapel, Christ Church, was founded in Dampiet Street, the congregation of which became Unitarian in 1815.

By 1815 the fort had fallen into a ruined state and it wasn't until 1903 that it was sold and improved by its farmer tenants.

By 1815 there were 90 houses in Strasburg, about half of which were two stories, indicating a relatively well-off population.

By 1815 the Green Man had become a school known as Dr. Glennie's academy in Dulwich Grove, although it was demolished about ten years later.

By 1815, the town plot was complete.

Plans of the Attacks Upon Antwerp, Bergen-Op-Zoom, Cambray, Peronne, Maubeuge, Landrecy, Marienbourg, Philippeville and Rocroy, By the British and Prussian Armies in the Campaigns of 1814 and of 1815.

By decision and order dated June 21, 2002, the trial court held that the subject lands were ceded to Great Britain in the 1764 treaties of peace and that the subject lands were not owned by the Seneca at the time of the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua and that New York State's purchase of them in 1815 was intended to avoid conflict with the Senecas over land it already owned.

By 1815, Pittsburgh was producing large quantities of iron, brass, tin, and glass products.

By his valiant service during the first successful boarding and capture of an enemy man-of-war on the high seas by the United States Navy since 1815, Lt. David contributed materially to the effectiveness of the Battle of the Atlantic and upheld the highest traditions of the U. S. Naval Service.

By James Lonsdale ( painter ) | James Lonsdale, 1815.

written by William Browne published in 1815 in his book " Original Poems By William Browne.

By terms of the treaty signed aboard the Guerriere in the Bay of Algiers, 3 July 1815, Decatur agreed to return the captured Meshuda and Estedio while the Algerians returned all American captives, estimated to be about 10, and a significant group of European captives were exchanged for about 500 subjects of the Dey along with $ 10, 000 in payment for seized shipping.

By the Napoleonic era ( 1793 – 1815 ), a midshipman was an apprentice officer who had previously served at least three years as a volunteer, officer's servant or able seaman, and was roughly equivalent to a present day petty officer in rank and responsibilities.

By 1770, the building was handed over to the Royal Stables, who used it for various purposes until its demolition in 1815.

By 1815, Albany was the state's turnpike center, which established the city as the hub for pioneers migrating west to Buffalo and the Michigan Territory.

By the Naturalisation Act 1870, it was made possible for British subjects to renounce their nationality and allegiance, and the ways in which that nationality is lost are defined.

But By the Way was one of the few features kept continuously running in the often seriously reduced Daily Express throughout World War II, when Morton's lampooning of Hitler, including the British invention of bracerot to make the Nazi's trousers fall down at inopportune moments, was regarded as valuable for morale.

By 16: 00, Alexander and Swiftsure were also in sight, although some distance from the main British fleet, and Brueys gave orders to abandon the plan to remain at anchor and instead for his line to set sails, although Blanquet protested the order on the grounds that there were not enough men aboard the French ships to both sail the ships and man the guns.

By 18: 00, the British fleet was again under full sail, Vanguard sixth in the line of ten ships as Culloden trailed behind to the north, and Alexander and Swiftsure hastened to catch up to the west.

By 24: 00 only Tonnant remained engaged, as Commodore Aristide Aubert Du Petit Thouars continued his fight with Majestic and fired on Swiftsure when the British ship moved within range.

By contrast, the British press were jubilant ; many newspapers sought to portray the battle as a victory for Britain over anarchy, and the success was used to attack the supposedly pro-republican Whig politicians Charles James Fox and Richard Brinsley Sheridan.

By resigning Laws became the shortest serving Minister in modern British political history with less than 18 days service as a Cabinet Minister.

By the last years of the 19th century, The British Museum's collections had increased so much that the Museum building was no longer big enough for them.

By the mid-1950s the system was being used in at least sixty British libraries and in a hundred by the 1970s.

By 1888, over 3, 000 British public houses, grocers and chemists were selling Bovril.

By the end of 1971, 29 barricades were in place to prevent access to what was known as Free Derry, 16 of them impassable even to the British Army's one-ton armoured vehicles.

By the time the inquiry had retired to write up its findings, it had interviewed over 900 witnesses, over seven years, making it the biggest investigation in British legal history.

By 1951 about 20 % of the British economy had been taken into public ownership.

By the 1870s, British physicist William Crookes and others were able to evacuate tubes to a lower pressure, below 10 < sup >− 6 </ sup > atm.

By the mid-19th century, however, the powerful British Empire gave up mercantilism and trade restrictions and introduced the principle of free trade, with few restrictions or tariffs.

By comparison, the former colony of the United Province of Canada ( divided into the District of Canada East, and the District of Canada West ) and the western provinces were dozens of times larger and in some cases were expanded to take in territory formerly held in British Crown grants to companies such as the Hudson's Bay Company ; in particular the November 19, 1869 sale of Rupert's Land to the Government of Canada under the Rupert's Land Act 1868 was facilitated in part by Maritime taxpayers.

By the late 1970s, two and a half million British homes received their television service via cable.

By the end of the summer however, the plan had changed ; now the British alone would impose the pliant Shuja Shah.

By 1854 the British wanted to resume relations with Dost Mohammad, whom they had essentially ignored in the intervening twelve years.

By the time Sher Ali had established control in Kabul in 1868, he found the British ready to support his regime with arms and funds, but nothing more.

By the end of October, Allen was again off New York, where the British, having secured the city, moved the prisoners on-shore, and, as he was considered an officer, gave Allen limited parole.

By 1949, the United States and British intelligence organizations were working with King Zog and the mountain men of his personal guard.

By the end of the week, British strength stood at over 16, 000 men.

By the end of the week, the British had taken some of the buildings in the Union, but others remained in rebel hands.

By the time British reinforcements arrived in the west, the rising there had already disintegrated.