By 1949, the CPC had established control over most of the country ( see Chinese Civil War ).

By May 1949, the initial orders provided a primitive relocating assembler taking advantage of the mnemonic design described above, all in 31 words.

By 1949, the United States and British intelligence organizations were working with King Zog and the mountain men of his personal guard.

By 1949 the U. S. and Britain agreed that West Germany had to be rearmed to strengthen the defenses of Western Europe against a possible Soviet invasion.

By the time the first national elections were held in the Federal Republic in 1949, Kiesinger had joined the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) and won a seat in the Bundestag, the West German parliament.

By 1949 Schaeffer's compositional work was known publicly as musique concrète ( Palombini 1993, 14 ).

By 1949, North Korea was a full-fledged Communist dictatorship.

By 1949 this percentage had risen to 90 %.

) By the late 1940s, head coach Earle " Greasy " Neale and running back Steve Van Buren led the team to three consecutive NFL Championship Games, winning two of them in 1948 and 1949.

By request of the Government of Newfoundland, the United Kingdom resumed its direct rule of Newfoundland in 1934, and it kept that until Newfoundland and Labrador became a province of Canada in 1949.

By 1949 over 8500 students were enrolled, however most still studying non-degree courses.

By 1948, the house was declared to be in imminent danger of collapse, forcing President Truman to commission a reconstruction and move across the street to Blair House from 1949 to 1951.

By 1949, with the success of television threatening the film industry more and more, Harry Warner decided to shift his focus towards television production.

By the latter part of the decade, Barcelona began to emerge as a force when they were crowned champions in 1945, 1948 and 1949.

In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dalí As Seen By His Sister.

By 1949 governmental control was wrested from the planters and, in 1958, Adams became Premier of Barbados.

By decree of Pope Pius XII in 1949, the remains of Pius VI were moved to the Chapel of the Madonna below St. Peter's in the Papal Grotto.

By 1949, the Communist Party of China's ( CPC ) People's Liberation Army had largely defeated the Kuomintang ( KMT )' s National Revolutionary Army in the Chinese Civil War on the mainland.

By the end of 1949, this operation fully utilised five Freighters, which carried 2, 700 cars and 10, 000 passengers.

By the time the civil contribution to the Airlift was scaled down in February 1949, the company's three Bristol Freighters were the last twin-engined airliners employed in this operation.

By 1949, the first international board governing trade, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) was established.

By 1949, Davis and Sherry were estranged and Hollywood columnists were writing that Davis's career was at an end.

" By 1949, economics dictated that the string section be dropped.

By 1949, Tokyo was given only 10. 9 % of the budget ; at the same time there was runaway inflation devaluing the money as Japan was spending more than it was bringing in from taxes.

By the early 1990s, commercial flights connected Comoros with France, Mauritius, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Madagascar.

By the 16th century, Cairo also had high-rise apartment buildings where the two lower floors were for commercial and storage purposes and the multiple stories above them were rented out to tenants.

By far the greatest source of dyes has been from the plant kingdom, notably roots, berries, bark, leaves and wood, but only a few have ever been used on a commercial scale.

By reducing the rate at which the central bank lends money to commercial banks, the government sends a signal to commercial banks that they should do the same for their customers.

By the mid-century the initial enthusiasm had somewhat diminished in both countries, although the use of lithography was increasingly favored for commercial applications, which included the great prints of Daumier, published in newspapers.

By 1991, it appeared to many that SGML would be limited to commercial and data-based applications while WYSIWYG tools ( which stored documents in proprietary binary formats ) would suffice for other document processing applications.

By the end of the 1990s, he was appearing only in the occasional commercial, largely because of health problems ( in 1995, he was diagnosed with T-cell lymphoma ).

By the 1990s, punk rock was sufficiently ingrained in Western culture that punk trappings were often used to market highly commercial bands as " rebels ".

By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.

By 1926 the market for commercial radio had expanded, and RCA purchased the WEAF and WCAP radio stations and networks from AT & T, merged them with its WJZ ( the predecessor of WABC ) New York to WRC ( presently WTEM ) Washington chain, and formed the National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ).

By 1986, although still very much a minority sport, commercial snowboards started appearing in leading French ski resorts.

By 2001, the flat band slingshot had disappeared from commercial production in favour of the tubular band.

By the mid-1990s, SANS evolved into a more commercial format offering events which combined training with tradeshows and vendor-oriented marketing.

By the mid-1930s, commercial production of TRF receivers was largely replaced by superheterodyne receivers.

By 2006, the Tesla turbine has not seen widespread commercial use since its invention.

By 1969, the debate over virtual memory for commercial computers was over ; an IBM research team led by David Sayre showed that their virtual memory overlay system consistently worked better than the best manually controlled systems.

By the 2000s, Rap and Hip Hop had reached their commercial peaks, and the genre continued to dominate the music scene of the decade The best-selling artist of the decade was the American rapper Eminem, who sold 32 million albums, followed by The Beatles ( who split in 1970 but have stayed extremely popular since ).

By supporting local commercial banks, micro-business banks, equity funds and leasing facilities, the EBRD has helped finance over 1 million smaller projects.

By the end of 2012 cargo supply to the International Space Station will be flown by privately owned commercial craft under NASA's Commercial Resupply Services by SpaceX's successfully tested the partially reusable Dragon spacecraft, and Orbital Sciences ' Cygnus spacecraft ( also slated for testing in 2012 ).

By 1888 Edward Weston had patented and brought out a commercial form of this instrument, which became a standard component in electrical equipment.

By the end of the fifteenth century, commercial contacts with Europe had spawned strong European influences, which permeated areas northward from the West African coast.

By this time mahogany from Cuba, Haiti and other West Indian sources was becoming increasingly difficult to obtain in commercial sizes, and by the late 20th century Central American and even South American mahogany was heading in a similar direction.

By the 1870s, breweries had become the largest users of commercial refrigeration units, though some still relied on harvested ice.