By 1949, the CPC had established control over most of the country ( see Chinese Civil War ).

By May 1949, the initial orders provided a primitive relocating assembler taking advantage of the mnemonic design described above, all in 31 words.

By 1949, the United States and British intelligence organizations were working with King Zog and the mountain men of his personal guard.

By 1949, commercial quantities of Grade A 99. 95 % helium were available.

By 1949 the U. S. and Britain agreed that West Germany had to be rearmed to strengthen the defenses of Western Europe against a possible Soviet invasion.

By the time the first national elections were held in the Federal Republic in 1949, Kiesinger had joined the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) and won a seat in the Bundestag, the West German parliament.

By 1949 Schaeffer's compositional work was known publicly as musique concrète ( Palombini 1993, 14 ).

By 1949, North Korea was a full-fledged Communist dictatorship.

By 1949 this percentage had risen to 90 %.

) By the late 1940s, head coach Earle " Greasy " Neale and running back Steve Van Buren led the team to three consecutive NFL Championship Games, winning two of them in 1948 and 1949.

By request of the Government of Newfoundland, the United Kingdom resumed its direct rule of Newfoundland in 1934, and it kept that until Newfoundland and Labrador became a province of Canada in 1949.

By 1949 over 8500 students were enrolled, however most still studying non-degree courses.

By 1948, the house was declared to be in imminent danger of collapse, forcing President Truman to commission a reconstruction and move across the street to Blair House from 1949 to 1951.

By 1949, with the success of television threatening the film industry more and more, Harry Warner decided to shift his focus towards television production.

By the latter part of the decade, Barcelona began to emerge as a force when they were crowned champions in 1945, 1948 and 1949.

In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dalí As Seen By His Sister.

By 1949 governmental control was wrested from the planters and, in 1958, Adams became Premier of Barbados.

By decree of Pope Pius XII in 1949, the remains of Pius VI were moved to the Chapel of the Madonna below St. Peter's in the Papal Grotto.

By 1949, the Communist Party of China's ( CPC ) People's Liberation Army had largely defeated the Kuomintang ( KMT )' s National Revolutionary Army in the Chinese Civil War on the mainland.

By the end of 1949, this operation fully utilised five Freighters, which carried 2, 700 cars and 10, 000 passengers.

By the time the civil contribution to the Airlift was scaled down in February 1949, the company's three Bristol Freighters were the last twin-engined airliners employed in this operation.

By 1949, the first international board governing trade, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) was established.

By 1949, Davis and Sherry were estranged and Hollywood columnists were writing that Davis's career was at an end.

" By 1949, economics dictated that the string section be dropped.

By 1949, Tokyo was given only 10. 9 % of the budget ; at the same time there was runaway inflation devaluing the money as Japan was spending more than it was bringing in from taxes.

By comparison, during the Cold War, there were rarely any foreign visitors to the DPRK except from other communist nations.

In the US, the new novels Moscow Club ( 1991 ) by Joseph Finder, Masquerade ( 1996 ) by Gayle Lynds, and The Unlikely Spy ( 1996 ) by Daniel Silva, and in the UK, A Spy By Nature ( 2001 ) by Charles Cumming and Remembrance Day ( 2000 ) by Henry Porter, maintained the spy novel in the post – Cold War world.

By the end of the Cold War, many Third World countries had adopted capitalist or communist economic models and continued to receive support from the side they had chosen.

By its end, the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late 1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the beginning of the 1960s.

By 1948, the Cold War was clearly in progress and the US began to worry more about a threat from the Eastern Bloc rather than the latent Nazism within occupied Germany.

By the early 1980s, Mozambique became what Joseph Hanlon — author of Peace Without Profit: How the IMF Blocks Rebuilding in Mozambique — called a " Cold War battlefield.

By September 1982, he had settled on John Sykes who had been a member of Tygers of Pan Tang, and he co-wrote the first single from the album, " Cold Sweat ", although the rest of the album had already been written.

By 1950, with the Cold War at its height, Steele's association with the communists was a crucial electoral liability.

By the 1930s, Kleenex was being marketed with the slogan “ Don ’ t Carry a Cold in Your Pocket ” and its use as a disposable handkerchief replacement became predominant.

By 1965 at the height of the Cold War, the PKI penetrated all levels of government.

By 1949, however, the United States became concerned about the spread of communism in Asia, particularly following the end of the Chinese Civil War, and began to strongly support the French as the two countries were bound by the Cold War Mutual Defense Programme.

By the 1990s, after the end of the Cold War, the bunker had been decommissioned and the surrounding complex of rooms was used by the college as a rehearsal space and recording studio.

Pavement, Yo La Tengo, the New Pornographers, Ted Leo & The Pharmacists, Guided By Voices, Kurt Vile, Cold Cave, Fucked Up, Liz Phair, Shearwater, Superchunk, Come, Times New Viking, Belle & Sebastian, Cat Power, Chavez, Perfume Genius, Harlem, and Guitar Wolf were amongst the participants.

By the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, the consensus in American education was overwhelmingly in favor of issuing homework to students of all grade levels.

Foreign troops still remain in Germany today, for example Ramstein Air Base, but the majority of troops left following the end of the Cold War ( By 1994 for Soviet troops, mandated under the terms of the Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany and in the mid-1990s for Western forces ).

By the end of the Cold War, the American army and Air Force in South Korea were regarded as a trip-wire force, not so much deployed for their military use but for their political value.

By the end of December 2003, the Dairy Farm Group and its related associations ran 2, 570 outlets, Wellcome / Food World ( supermarkets ), 50 % share of Maxim's Catering ( restaurants ), Cold Storage ( supermarkets ), Jasons Market Place / Market Place by Jasons ( high end supermarkets ), Shop N Save ( discount supermarkets ), Giant ( hypermarkets ), Mannings / Guardian ( health and beauty ) stores ; it also operates 7-Eleven ( convenience stores ) throughout the region, and IKEA ( home furnishings ) stores in Hong Kong and Taiwan.

By the 1950s Cold War tension was escalating and the United States envisaged stationing nuclear bombers in the United Kingdom as a deterrent to Soviet aggression.

By the 1990s, the end of the Cold War and normalisation of relations between some countries improved the prospects for creating a rail network across the Asian continent.

By 1983, the Soviet regime needed a new propaganda weapon in the Cold War, as well as against increasingly active internal dissident movement, to arrest or discredit the mass emigration of Soviet Jews and to alleviate the Arab concerns about its effects to Israel's demographics.

* Abolishing Weapons of Mass Destruction: Addressing Cold War and Other Wartime Legacies in the Twenty-First Century By Mikhail S. Gorbachev

* Abolishing Weapons of Mass Destruction: Addressing Cold War and Other Wartime Legacies in the Twenty-First Century By Mikhail S. Gorbachev

His film résumé includes Cold Mountain, Nil By Mouth, King Arthur, The Proposition, The Departed, Beowulf, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, and Edge of Darkness.

By 1947 a combination of the emerging Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and growing social conflicts in France, linked to the increasing gap between wages and prices, put the three party union ( SFIO, PCF and MRP ) under heavy pressure.