By 1986, the contras were besieged by charges of corruption, human-rights abuses and military ineptitude.

By the time Gorbachev ushered in the process that would lead to the dismantling of the Soviet administrative command economy through his programs of glasnost ( political openness ), uskoreniye ( speed-up of economic development ) and perestroika ( political and economic restructuring ) announced in 1986, the Soviet economy suffered from both hidden inflation and pervasive supply shortages aggravated by an increasingly open black market that undermined the official economy.

By the mid-1980s, her record sales were still relatively strong, with " Save the Last Dance for Me ", " Downtown ", " Tennessee Homesick Blues " ( all 1984 ); " Real Love " ( another duet with Kenny Rogers ), " Don't Call It Love " ( both 1985 ); and " Think About Love " ( 1986 ) all reaching the country-singles Top 10.

* Government By Emergency, 1986 ( revised in 1992 ) ISBN 0-930462-05-X

By 1986, a market study concluded that mothers with young children rarely purchased Jello.

By 1986, Moi had concentrated all the power-and most of its attendant economic benefits-into the hands of his Kalenjin tribe and of a handful of allies from minority groups.

By early 1986, the band was defunct and Hay was working on his first solo album, Looking for Jack, which would feature participation from Alsop and Wackerman.

By 1986 the system was complete to the point of being able to run on its own on the DEC VAX.

By the end of 1986, hard-currency debt had reached more than USD 1 billion.

By 1986, the party's position appeared to strengthen further with excellent local election results and a thorough rebranding of the party under the direction of Kinnock's director of communications Peter Mandelson.

By 1986, for the first time since World War II, women students outnumbered men.

By 1986 China had nearly 3 million telephone exchange lines, including 34, 000 long-distance exchange lines with direct, automatic service to 24 cities.

By late 1986 fiber optic communications technology was being employed to relieve the strain on existing telephone circuits.

By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards ( he won the AL award in 1986,,,,, and, and the National League award in ), an MVP and two pitching triple crowns.

By 1980, Berlusconi had established a relationship with the actress Veronica Lario ( born Miriam Bartolini ), with whom he subsequently had three children: Barbara ( b. 1984 ), Eleonora ( b. 1986 ) and Luigi ( b. 1988 ).

" By 1986, however, the number of live births had declined to 806, 041.

By late 1986, the Mikhail Gorbachev era was stressing anew the importance of individual rights in relation to the state and criticizing those who violated procedural law in implementing Soviet justice.

By 1986, although still very much a minority sport, commercial snowboards started appearing in leading French ski resorts.

By 1986 only 2, 157 remained in custody and only 39 were still being held in 1989 when they were released under the Esquipulas II agreement.

By 1986, outside organizations had begun asking for X. X10R2 was released in January 1986, then X10R3 in February 1986.

In Down By Law ( 1986 ) ( which in Italy had its title spelled " Daunbailò ", in Italian phonetics ) he played Bob, the innocent abroad, convicted for manslaughter, whose irrepressible good humour and optimism help him escape and find love ( also starring Braschi as his beloved.

By 1986 their releases began to establish the hip hop album as a fixture of the mainstream.

By 1985, the USFL had ceased football operations and he devoted all his time to arena football, and on April 27, 1986, his concept was realized when finally staged the test game.

By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.

By now Curt was seeing clearly again.

By her eighteenth birthday her bent for writing was so evident that Papa and Mamma gave her a Life Of Dickens as a spur to her aspiration.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

By our policy the West was -- is -- split.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women.

By late afternoon the train inched into the marshaling yards in the railhead at Lublin, which was filled with lines of cars poised to pour the tools of war to the Russian front.

By odd coincidence, on the evening of her return Shelley chose to read Parisina, which was the latest of the titled poet's successes.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By Nov. 8, 1958, weakness, specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature, was pronounced, and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs ''.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.

By 1644 Cleeve had become deputy governor of Lygonia, a rival province to that of Gorges ' in Maine established from a resurrected Plough Patent, and asked Bachiler to be its minister at Casco.

By December 1587 the differences between Elizabeth and the Dutch politicians, with Leicester in between, had become insurmountable ; he asked to be recalled by the Queen and gave up his post.

By one account, Bukarin – who had asked to be poisoned, rather than shot – was forced to watch the execution of sixteen other defendants before being shot himself.

By 1806 the owner of Vlissingen asked to be exempted from the responsibility of maintaining the road which is now called Camp Street, but the Court refused the request.

By 2000, the Innu island community of Davis Inlet asked the Canadian government to assist with a local addiction crisis.

By the end of May 2009, the club was unable to meet its staff wages commitments, and asked employees to work unpaid as a gesture of goodwill.

By late 1946 the weakening British economy meant the British could no longer support Greece, and so London asked the U. S. to step in.

By 1959, tensions rose to the point where the Metropolitan Municipalities Commission, a predecessor of the Twin Cities-wide Metropolitan Council, asked the then-State Attorney General Walter Mondale to contest the Hilltop charter to the Minnesota Supreme Court.

By 1856, Virchow was asked to return from Würzburg to the Charité Hospital in Berlin.

By 25 November 1533, Vasili reached Moscow and asked to be made a monk before dying.

By the time the bid was ready for submission, the HLF were under pressure for the funds they had, and asked British Waterways, who were managing the application, to split the bid and the project into smaller phases.

By the time " Plan B " was released, the band were in dispute with EMI, claiming that as their contract option had not been picked up by the company, they were no longer under contract, and they asked, without success, that EMI not release the single.

By late 1941, the operation had over 20 employees and the Swedish Air Force asked for another camera, one which would have a larger negative and could be permanently mounted to an aircraft.

By 962, the Hamdanids had asked for a peace treaty with favorable terms for Byzantines, that secured the borders for some years.

By the 1960 season the Caguas team was in poor economic shape, and asked Agrelot to attend some games, stand up and dance ( a la Cantinflas ) whenever the song was played ( since Agrelot had spontaneously done it once ), as a crowd booster.

By the latter 1970s, the Poona ashram was too small to contain the rapid growth and Osho asked that somewhere larger be found.

By 1982, when IBM asked Microsoft to release a version of DOS that was compatible with a hard disk, PC DOS 2. 0 was an almost complete rewrite of DOS, so by March 1983, very little of QDOS remained.

By the end of September, all the relevant villages had waived their right-of-way claims, and Secretary of the Interior Wally Hickel asked Congress to lift the land freeze for the entire TAPS project.

By 1918, the word could also be used teasingly of a " pleasure-loving " older woman: a Dr. Whatley, accused of adultery with the wife of Major Sydney George Everitt of Knowle Hall, Knowle, was asked in court why he had begun a verse to her with the words " There once was a flapper named Mary.

By the middle of the following year, Nicholas Ridley the Secretary of State for Transport had indicated that he was disposed to agree the application, but asked for further details.

By December he was furious at the government ’ s lack of support ( like being asked to “ fight with one arm tied up ”) and their insistence that the RIC buy army surplus vehicles ( the Army was reducing dramatically in size after World War One ) on the open market instead of simply being given them.

In the episode " By Dawn's Early Light ", when he is asked if he has a first name, he replies that the only person who " calls " him " that " is his wife.

By way of a Levirate union, Judah asked his second son, Onan, to provide offspring for Tamar so that the family line might continue.

By the end of 1944 it was also apparent that Germany had abandoned the development of its own bomb and Rotblat asked to leave the project.

By October Dudley had recognised the impossibility of his position and asked to be recalled.