By 2012, despite natural gas prices at a ten-year low and a higher Canadian dollar, oil prices had recovered enough to restart economic growth.

By December 2006, over 1, 237, 000 square kilometers of forest land in Canada ( about half the global total ) had been certified as being sustainably managed ( Canadian Sustainable Forestry Certification Coalition ).

By the 1930s, the factions within Canadian Toryism were associated with either the urban business elites, or with rural traditionalists from the country's hinterland.

By May, Kline had sold the idea to 48 NBC stations and the Canadian CTV network.

By 1920, the University of Manitoba was the largest university in the Canadian Prairies and the fifth largest in Canada.

By this point the sport's more serious organization was drawing internationally with notable Canadians such as John Eaves which went on to win world titles, Francois Brosseau and Michel Daigle who both went on to train many other successful Canadian freestyle skiers.

By the 1960s, loyal societies in Canada recognized the Queen's cousin, Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, as a " Canadian princess "; but, it was not until October 2002 when the term Canadian Royal Family was first used publicly and officially by one of its members: in a speech to the Nunavut legislature at its opening, Queen Elizabeth II stated: " I am proud to be the first member of the Canadian Royal Family to be greeted in Canada's newest territory.

By the end of the First World War, the increased fortitude of Canadian nationalism inspired the country's leaders to push for greater independence from the King in his British Council, resulting in the creation of the uniquely Canadian monarchy through the Statute of Westminster, which was granted Royal Assent in 1931.

The Canadian progressive rock band Rush memorializes Rivendell in the song " Rivendell " on their second studio album Fly By Night.

By the 1990s, Canadian literature was viewed as some of the world's best.

By nightfall of 10 April, the only Canadian objective not yet achieved was the capture of the Pimple.

By nightfall on 12 April 1917, the Canadian Corps was in firm control of the ridge.

By Wednesday September 7, 1864, the delegates from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island gave a positive answer to the Canadian delegation, expressing the view that the federation of all of the provinces was considered desirable if the terms of union could be made satisfactory and the question of Maritime Union was waived.

By 2000, the Innu island community of Davis Inlet asked the Canadian government to assist with a local addiction crisis.

By this point the technical development of Telidon was complete, and that portion of the Canadian government's involvement wound down in the summer of 1983.

By May 9 the following year, 2, 695 designs were submitted and the committee reported back with a recommendation " that the national flag of Canada should be the Canadian red ensign with a maple leaf in autumn golden colours in a bordered background of white ".

) By November 30, however, the Canadian dollar was once again at par with the US dollar, and on December 4, the dollar had retreated back to US $ 0. 98, through a cut in interest rates made by the Bank of Canada due to concerns about exports to the US.

By observing how the Canadian dollar behaves against the US dollar, foreign exchange economists can indirectly observe internal behaviours and patterns in the US economy that could not be seen by direct observation.

By 2001, the orchestra had debt of $ 7 million ( Canadian ), and both its executive director, Ed Smith, and Saraste had left the ensemble.

By law this is 75% for the Virgin Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico.

By law this is 70% for the Virgin Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

By convention in some law reports, the appellant is named first.

By ancient common law it might be required of all persons above the age of 12, and it was repeatedly used as a test for the disaffected.

By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor.

By the law of cosines, we have:

By contrast, while defendants in most civil law systems can be compelled to give a statement, this statement is not subject to cross-examination by the prosecutor and not given under oath.

By comparison Whorf's other work in linguistics, the development of such concepts as the allophone and the cryptotype, and the formulation of " Whorf's law " in Uto-Aztecan historical linguistics, have met with broad acceptance.

By United Nations law, Bosnia has a right of passage to the outer sea.

By law, farmers in the United States who plant Bt corn must plant non-Bt corn nearby.

By the early 2000s ( decade ), however, the university quietly reexamined its position on accreditation as degree mills proliferated and various government bureaucracies, such as law enforcement agencies, began excluding BJU graduates on the grounds that the university did not appear on appropriate federal lists.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

By contrast to statutory codification of common law, some statutes displace common law, for example to create a new cause of action that did not exist in the common law, or to legislatively overrule the common law.

By the time of the rediscovery of the Roman law in Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries, the common law had already developed far enough to prevent a Roman law reception as it occurred on the continent.

By law, the vice president will succeed in the event of the president's resignation, illness, or death.

By law ( 92 Stat.

By 1827, he had abandoned law and embarked on a geological career that would result in fame and the general acceptance of uniformitarianism, a working out of the idea proposed by James Hutton a few decades earlier.

As American whiskey authority Charles Kendrick Cowdery has observed, " By the time Bourbon County was formed in 1785, there were dozens if not hundreds of small farmer-distillers making whiskey throughout the region … Ultimately, most of the corn-based whiskey made west of the Alleghenies was called ' bourbon ', to distinguish it from the rye-based whiskies that predominated in the East.

" By 24 July his fleet was resupplied and, having determined that the French must be somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean, Nelson sailed again in the direction of Morea.

By mathematical arguments, the maximum must lie between the two minima.

By attempting to predict which branch ( or path ) a conditional instruction will take, the CPU can minimize the number of times that the entire pipeline must wait until a conditional instruction is completed.

Confucius never stated whether man was born good or evil, noting that ' By nature men are similar ; by practice men are wide apart ' — implying that whether good or bad, Confucius must have perceived all men to be born with intrinsic similarities, but that man is conditioned and influenced by study and practise.

By quickly setting up for the next play ( often within 5 – 10 seconds after the last play despite being afforded 45 seconds ) this hindered the other team's defense from substituting situational players, regrouping for tactics, and, some suggest, increased the defense's rate of fatigue ( This is attributed to the belief that the offense dictates when a play starts so they tend to be more mentally relaxed and prepared for the start of a play where the defense must remain on a higher level of alert before the play starts ).

By contrast, to dilute a solution, one must add more solvent, or reduce the amount of solute.

By substituting these three verbs, even without clarifying morality ( ought, shall, should, must ) or the actor ( s ) who do or did something, becomes / remains / equals makes clear what time frame of relationship is asserted, and disallows assuming one stable past / present / future timeline-known as single scenario planning or blind linearity and considered a grave error in risk analysis.

By comparing mitochondrial DNA which is inherited only from the mother, geneticists have concluded that the last female common ancestor whose genetic marker is found in all modern humans, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, must have lived around 200, 000 years ago.

By 1918 we can find a shot of the sky being used to reflect the mood of one of the characters without specific explanation in The Gun Woman ( Frank Borzage ), but it must be emphasized that these examples are very rare, and did not either then, or within the next several years, constitute regular practice in the American cinema.

Faith involves more than outward obedience to this authority, but also must be based on a deep personal understanding of religious teachings. By faith is meant, first, conscious knowledge, and second, the practice of good deeds.

By Euclid's lemma p < sub > 1 </ sub > must divide one of the q < sub > j </ sub >; relabeling the q < sub > j </ sub > if necessary, say that p < sub > 1 </ sub > divides q < sub > 1 </ sub >.

* 1502 10 July – By a Royal Warrant passed in Toledo by Isabella I of Castile, Gibraltar was granted its coat of arms: " An escutcheon on which the upper two thirds shall be a white field and on the said field set a red castle, and below the said castle, on the other third of the escutcheon, which must be a red field in which there must be a white line between the castle and the said red field, there shall be a golden key which hangs by a chain from the said castle, as are here figured ".

By the time he composed the Gospel, he must have been a highly practiced and competent author-able to compose in a wide variety of literary forms according to the demands of the moment.

By contrast, black powder made with sodium nitrate must be kept sealed to remain stable.

" His predisposition for benevolence is clear in the statement " We whites ... must necessarily appear to them in the nature of supernatural beings .... By the simple exercise of our will we can exert a power for good practically unbounded ".

By virtue of practice directions issued under section 75 ( 1 ) of the Supreme Court Act 1981, an indictment must be tried by a High Court judge, a Circuit judge or a recorder ( which of these it is depends on the offence ).

By contrast, in a non-inertial reference frame the laws of physics vary depending on the acceleration of that frame with respect to an inertial frame, and the usual physical forces must be supplemented by fictitious forces.

By definition, these clouds must have a v < sub > lsr </ sub > greater than 90 km s < sup >− 1 </ sup >, where v < sub > lsr </ sub > is the local standard rest velocity.

Déjacque wrote that: ‘ By government I understand all delegation, all power outside the people ,’ for which must be substituted, in a process whereby politics is transcended, the ‘ people in direct possession of their sovereignty ,’ or the ‘ organised commune .’ For Déjacque, the communist anarchist utopia would fulfil the function of inciting each proletarian to explore his or her own human potentialities, in addition to correcting the ignorance of the proletarians concerning ‘ social science .’"

By contrast, most other countries take the point of view that recreational drug use is detrimental to society and must therefore be outlawed.

By 2009, 27 coffee shops selling cannabis in Rotterdam, all within 200 metres from schools, must close down.

By its nature, the overtly irrational cannot rely on the use of persuasion and must ultimately resort to force to prevail.

By contrast, some other sounds would cause a change in meaning if substituted: for example, substitution of the sound would produce the different word still, and that sound must therefore be considered to represent a different phoneme ( the phoneme ).