By 1853, the new partnership announced the precision vernier caliper as the first fruit of their joint efforts.

By clarifying fundamental premises in the social sciences, and defining the logical problems emergent at the borderlands of each new scientific discipline, philosophy can offer the sort of distinction that can accelerate growth in human understanding.

By adding a systematic analysis with symbols to the typed transcripts of interviews, they have supplied a new set of techniques for the therapist.

By allowing a new kind of equality among citizens this opened the way to democracy, which in turn called for a new means, chattel slavery, to at least partially equalise the availability of leisure between rich and poor.

By comparison self-propelled artillery can stop at a chosen location and begin firing almost immediately, then quickly move on to a new position.

By the 18th century an increasing number of new plants had arrived in Europe from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide and a larger number of plants became available for study.

By the early 19th century, the threat of plague had diminished, but it was quickly replaced by a new disease.

By 1996, the cemetery and marker were in poor condition, but a new granite headstone was erected in 1997.

By 1932, Pasternak had strikingly reshaped his style to make it acceptable to the Soviet public and printed the new collection of poems aptly titled The Second Birth.

By 1959 the Coins and Medals office suite, completely destroyed during the war, was rebuilt and re-opened, attention turned towards the gallery work with new tastes in design leading to the remodelling of Robert Smirke's Classical and Near Eastern galleries.

By the mid-19th century, Bayonne had declined somewhat with the centralisation of power to Paris and to the new département capital, non-Basque Pau, after the 1789 French Revolution, and with Wellington's bombardment.

By contrast to statutory codification of common law, some statutes displace common law, for example to create a new cause of action that did not exist in the common law, or to legislatively overrule the common law.

By the late 1750s there were flourishing centers of the new style in Italy, Vienna, Mannheim, and Paris ; dozens of symphonies were composed and there were " bands " of players associated with theatres.

By the early 2000s, the CD largely replaced the audio cassette player as standard equipment in new automobiles, with 2010 being the final model year for any car in the US to have a factory-equipped cassette player.

By 1653, both France and Spain had recognised England's new government.

By the 1880s, Pissarro began to explore new themes and methods of painting in order to break out of what he felt was an artistic “ mire ”.

By the time the anti-popes were all deposed and the new Pope, Martin V, was elected, two years had passed since Gregory XII's abdication, and Gregory was already dead.

By contrast, a person who had been acquitted of a lesser offence could not be tried for an aggravated form even if new evidence became available.

By 301, however, the system was in trouble, strained by a new bout of inflation.

By the time mass applications for wireless Internet had emerged, and the U. S. had opened up to DECT, well into the new century, the industry had moved far ahead in terms of performance and DECT's time as a wireless data transport had passed.

By 1987, with Yzerman, now the captain following the departure of Danny Gare, joined by Petr Klima, Adam Oates, Gerard Gallant, defenseman Darren Veitch and new head coach Jacques Demers, the Wings won a playoff series for only the second time in the modern era.

By the end of 2006 The Egyptian Lover went into the studio with Jamie Jupiter and recorded " UFO " and " Futuristic " for Jupiter's new 12 " single ( never released ).

In 2010, singer Rihanna sampled " One By One " on a song from her new album Loud.

By constraining an individual to use only speech, it is believed that the brain can reestablish old neural pathways and recruit new neural pathways to compensate for lost function.

By far the most important issue to counter-revolutionary women was the passage and the enforcement of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy in 1790.

By 1990, Chile had fulfilled Hayek's prediction by transitioning to a democratic state as established in the 1980 Constitution of Chile approved during the Pinochet regime.

By the Constitution, the Diet is the most powerful from the three branches and consists of two houses ; the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors.

By principle, originalists are generally unwilling to defer to precedent when precedent seems to come into conflict with the Constitution.

By Constitution of Slovenia the country is a parliamentary democracy and a republic.

By the 1960s, the Court had extended its interpretation of substantive due process to include rights and freedoms that are not specifically mentioned in the Constitution but that, according to the Court, extend or derive from existing rights.

By April 8, 1913, the proposed amendment had been ratified by three-fourths of the states, adding it to the Constitution.

* The Constitution Of The United States Of America Analysis And Interpretation Analysis Of Cases Decided By The Supreme Court Of The United States To June 28, 2002, United States Senate doc.

By coincidence, $ 4, 000 ($ 88, 100 in 2010 dollars ) would be the exemption for married couples when the Revenue Act of ( October ) 1913 was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson, as a result of the ratification of the 16th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution in February 1913.

By giving the President the authority to negotiate these deals, the Congress effectively ceded a part of their power ( authorized under US Constitution, Article I, Section VIII ) to the executive branch.

By Title III, article 9 of the French Constitution of the time, he was Prince Imperial, but he was also known from birth as the King of Rome which Napoleon I declared was the courtesy title of the heir-apparent.

His Majesty Jérôme I, By the Grace of God and by the Constitution, King of Westphalia, French Prince, Prince of Montfort, etc., etc.

By the Leonid Brezhnev period democratic centralism was described, in the 1977 Soviet Constitution, as a principle for organizing the state: " The Soviet state is organized and functions on the principle of democratic centralism, namely the electiveness of all bodies of state authority from the lowest to the highest, their accountability to the people, and the obligation of lower bodies to observe the decisions of higher ones.

By May 1825 the community had adopted the " Constitution of the Preliminary Society ," which loosely outlined its expectations and government.

By contrast, the Constitution of Ireland describes the President of Ireland throughout as " he ", yet two of the most recent presidents were women ; in 1997, four of the five candidates in the election were women.

By making the remark in the manner of obiter dictum concerning the Annex IV ( the Constitution ) and the rest of the peace agreement, the Court actually " established the ground for legal unity " of the entire peace agreement, which further implied that all the annexes are in the hierarchical equality.

Other notable instanced occurred on July 24th 1997 when the guided missile destroyer and frigate rendered honors to the Constitution during her 200th Birthday celebration, and on September 14, 2001, when the crew of the German destroyer Lütjens manned the rails as they approached the destroyer USS Winston Churchill and displayed an American flag and a banner reading " We Stand By You ".

By 1843, public dissatisfaction with him had reached crisis proportions and there were demands for a Constitution.

By political custom established by Juan Carlos I since the ratification of the 1978 Constitution, the king's nominees have all been from parties who maintain a plurality of seats in the Congress.

By this model, " important legal effects " including constitutional obligations and limits, may be created by the Bill of Rights implied into the Constitution, quite apart from an application of the written constitution.

By royal proclamation on 26 June 1806, the Constitution of Pomerania was declared to have been suspended and abolished.

# The Commentaries of Sir W. Blackstone, Knight, on the Law and Constitution of England, carefully abridged in a new manner, and continued down to the present time ... By Wm.

By Sir W. B .; being those portions of the work which relate to the British Constitution and the Rights of Persons.

By 1789, the new Constitution of the United States authorized Congress to create a navy, but during George Washington's first term ( 1787 – 1793 ) little was done to rearm the navy.

By 1917 commercial quantities of oil were being extracted and refined by subsidiaries of the British Pearson and American Doheny companies, and had attracted the attention of the Mexican government who then claimed all mineral rights for the state as part of its Constitution.