By allowing a new kind of equality among citizens this opened the way to democracy, which in turn called for a new means, chattel slavery, to at least partially equalise the availability of leisure between rich and poor.

By varying the proportions of copper and zinc, the properties of the brass can be changed, allowing hard and soft brasses.

By the Treaty of Ilbersheim, signed 7 November 1704, Bavaria was placed under Austrian military rule, allowing the Habsburgs to utilise its resources for the rest of the conflict.

By the end of the 19th century the Sherman Act, New Jersey allowing holding companies, and mergers resulted in larger corporations with dispersed shareholders.

By 1970, a calculator could be made using just a few chips of low power consumption, allowing portable models powered from rechargeable batteries.

By allowing it to run to seed and through deliberate cultivation by the town of Dachau the canal is only still recognizable as such between Frühlingstrasse and the Pollnbach.

By allowing parents and students to " vote with their feet ," they incentivize schools to increase accountability and school performance.

By allowing these functions ( and constants ) to be complex numbers, trigonometric functions and their inverses become included in the elementary functions ( see trigonometric functions and complex exponentials ).

By allowing the radix point to be adjustable, floating-point notation allows calculations over a wide range of magnitudes, using a fixed number of digits, while maintaining good precision.

Sudanese surgeon Nahid Toubia — president of RAINBO ( Research, Action and Information Network for the Bodily Integrity of Women ) — told the BBC in 2002 that campaigning against FGM involved trying to change women's consciousness: " By allowing your genitals to be removed is perceived that you are heightened to another level of pure motherhood — a motherhood not tainted by sexuality and that is why the woman gives it away to become the matron, respected by everyone.

By convention, the longest serving state governor holds a dormant commission, allowing an assumption of office to commence whenever a vacancy occurs.

By 1900, Germany's economy matched Britain's, allowing colonial expansion and a naval race.

By May 1914 the Bill had complied with the requirements set down by the Parliament Act 1911, allowing the government to force its enactment over the heads of the unionist-dominated House of Lords.

By increasing this distance, larger tires can be installed, which will increase the ground clearance, allowing it to traverse even larger and more difficult obstacles.

* Passive Method – By allowing past karmas to ripen in due course of time and experiencing the results, both good and bad with equanimity.

By allowing the Hungarians to destroy Europe's only Ukrainian state, Ribbentrop had signified that Germany was not interested ( at least for the moment ) in sponsoring Ukrainian nationalism.

“ By allowing deals with Burma ’ s state-owned oil company, the U. S. looks like it caved to industry pressure and undercut Aung San Suu Kyi and others in Burma who are promoting government accountability ,” HRW ’ s Business and Human Rights Director Arvind Ganesan said.

By allowing possession and retail sales of cannabis, but not cultivation or wholesale, the government creates numerous problems of crime and public safety, he alleges, and therefore he would like to switch to either legalising and regulating production, or to the full repression that his party ( CDA ) officially advocates.

By not outing gay Bishops who support policies which harm homosexuals, we would be protecting those Bishops and thereby allowing them to continue to inflict suffering on members of our community.

By the mid-16th century, the electoral process had evolved into its present form, allowing for variation in the time between the death of the pope and the meeting of the cardinal electors.

By December 1979, Muzerowa had replaced Smith as Prime Minister and secured a a fresh agreement with the more militant African factions, allowing Rhodesia to briefly revert to her colonial status pending popular elections.

By allowing the establishment of geological timescales, it provides a significant source of information about the ages of fossils and the deduced rates of evolutionary change.

By 1996, however, the issue had been set aside, with Italy renouncing any revision of the Treaty of Osimo, allowing a significant improvement in relations.

By the 11th century BC, the authority of the New Kingdom dynasties had diminished, allowing divided rule in Egypt, and ending Egyptian control of Kush.

By replacing ten cards with five symbols and using three reels instead of five drums, the complexity of reading a win was considerably reduced, allowing Fey to devise an effective automatic payout mechanism.

By 1905, Pathé was the largest film company in the world, a position it retained until World War I. Léon Gaumont began film production in 1896, with his production supervised by Alice Guy.

By the time Alice heard it, she was already tired of poetry.

The award is named for Alice B. Sheldon, who wrote under the pseudonym James Tiptree, Jr. By choosing a masculine nom de plume, having her stories accepted under that name and winning awards with them, Sheldon helped demonstrate that the division between male and female science fiction writing was illusory.

( By thus " capturing " the Red Queen, Alice unknowingly puts the Red King — who has remained stationary throughout the book — into checkmate, and is allowed to wake up.

By the time the series ended in 1927, its focus was more on the animated characters and in particular a cat named Julius who resembled Felix the Cat, rather than the live-action Alice.

By Dr. Alice Drysdale Vickery ( with preface and remarks ) ( Letchworth: Garden City Press, 1912 ).

By all accounts, her forty-year marriage to Edward had been happy, despite his adulterous affair with her lady-in-waiting, Alice Perrers, during the latter part of it.

By communicating to each other one bit at a time ( adopting some communication protocol ), Alice and Bob want to compute the value of such that at least one party knows the value at the end of the communication.

* French — Burguet, Paul Henry: The Imprint, or The Red Hand ( 1908 ; Gaston Séverin plays Pierrot ); Carné, Marcel: Children of Paradise ( 1945 ; see above under The Pantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules ); Carré fils, Michel: The Prodigal Son a. k. a. Pierrot the Prodigal ( 1907 ; the first feature-length film and the first film of a stage-play Carré's pantomime of 1890 ; George Wague plays Pierrot père ); Feuillade, Louis: Pierrot's Projector ( 1909 ), Pierrot, Pierrette ( 1924 ); Guitry, Sacha: Deburau ( 1951 ; based upon Guitry's own stage-play # Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues | Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues above ); Guy, Alice: Pierrot, Murderer ( 1904 ); Leprince, René: Pierrot Loves Roses ( 1910 ); Méliès, Georges: By Moonlight, or The Unfortunate Pierrot ( 1904 ).

*" Hu Jintao and the Party Politburo ", Winter 2004: Party Affairs, By Alice L. Miller, China Leadership Monitor No. 9

By 1930, he was estranged from his wife, Princess Alice of Battenberg.

By the late 1980s, several future stars had begun performing, including Nirvana, Alice in Chains, and Mudhoney, while the death of Andrew Wood of Mother Love Bone led to that band's disintegration and subsequent reformation as Pearl Jam.

By the time of the Hawaiian Renaissance, though, the example of players such as Auntie Alice Namakelua, Leonard Kwan, Raymond Kane, and Keola Beamer had encouraged the sharing of the tunings and techniques and probably saved the style from extinction.

By his marriage to Alice de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln, daughter of Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln, he became Earl of Lincoln, Earl of Salisbury, 11th Baron of Halton and 7th Lord of Bowland upon the death of his father-in-law in 1311.

By contrast, her daughter Alice remained in England and made a marriage that made her the sister-in-law of George V's consort, Queen Mary.

* Women at the Hague: the International Congress of Women and its Results By Jane Addams, Emily Greene Balch, Alice Hamilton.

By the spring of 1850, Alice and Griswold were often corresponding through letters which were often flirtatious.

By Alice, Guy had three children, including his heir and successor, Thomas.

By 1967, Quorum, the partnership between Alice Pollock and Ossie, was deeply in debt and Alice's financial backer, Mike Armitage, a stockbroker, decided there was little possibility of Quorum ever making a profit and he and Alice agreed to sell Quorum to a large UK fashion house, Radley ( run by Alfred Radley ).

By mid-June, Alice Paul had been warned by the chief of police that further demonstrations would lead to arrests, and between June 22 and 26, 27 women were arrested for obstructing traffic, but were released without penalty.

By 2001, the show's research team consisted of head researcher Alice Wilder ( who joined the team shortly after its debut and who, according to Tracy, reinvented the role of research in children's television and helped train the writers and animators to trust and use research ), Alison Sherman, Karen Leavitt, and Koshi Dhingra.

By 1955, Leno and Alice had grown apart and separated in January.