By allowing a new kind of equality among citizens this opened the way to democracy, which in turn called for a new means, chattel slavery, to at least partially equalise the availability of leisure between rich and poor.

By varying the proportions of copper and zinc, the properties of the brass can be changed, allowing hard and soft brasses.

By the Treaty of Ilbersheim, signed 7 November 1704, Bavaria was placed under Austrian military rule, allowing the Habsburgs to utilise its resources for the rest of the conflict.

By the end of the 19th century the Sherman Act, New Jersey allowing holding companies, and mergers resulted in larger corporations with dispersed shareholders.

By 1970, a calculator could be made using just a few chips of low power consumption, allowing portable models powered from rechargeable batteries.

By allowing it to run to seed and through deliberate cultivation by the town of Dachau the canal is only still recognizable as such between Frühlingstrasse and the Pollnbach.

By allowing these functions ( and constants ) to be complex numbers, trigonometric functions and their inverses become included in the elementary functions ( see trigonometric functions and complex exponentials ).

By allowing the radix point to be adjustable, floating-point notation allows calculations over a wide range of magnitudes, using a fixed number of digits, while maintaining good precision.

Sudanese surgeon Nahid Toubia — president of RAINBO ( Research, Action and Information Network for the Bodily Integrity of Women ) — told the BBC in 2002 that campaigning against FGM involved trying to change women's consciousness: " By allowing your genitals to be removed is perceived that you are heightened to another level of pure motherhood — a motherhood not tainted by sexuality and that is why the woman gives it away to become the matron, respected by everyone.

By convention, the longest serving state governor holds a dormant commission, allowing an assumption of office to commence whenever a vacancy occurs.

By 1900, Germany's economy matched Britain's, allowing colonial expansion and a naval race.

By May 1914 the Bill had complied with the requirements set down by the Parliament Act 1911, allowing the government to force its enactment over the heads of the unionist-dominated House of Lords.

By increasing this distance, larger tires can be installed, which will increase the ground clearance, allowing it to traverse even larger and more difficult obstacles.

* Passive Method – By allowing past karmas to ripen in due course of time and experiencing the results, both good and bad with equanimity.

By allowing the Hungarians to destroy Europe's only Ukrainian state, Ribbentrop had signified that Germany was not interested ( at least for the moment ) in sponsoring Ukrainian nationalism.

“ By allowing deals with Burma ’ s state-owned oil company, the U. S. looks like it caved to industry pressure and undercut Aung San Suu Kyi and others in Burma who are promoting government accountability ,” HRW ’ s Business and Human Rights Director Arvind Ganesan said.

By allowing possession and retail sales of cannabis, but not cultivation or wholesale, the government creates numerous problems of crime and public safety, he alleges, and therefore he would like to switch to either legalising and regulating production, or to the full repression that his party ( CDA ) officially advocates.

By not outing gay Bishops who support policies which harm homosexuals, we would be protecting those Bishops and thereby allowing them to continue to inflict suffering on members of our community.

By the mid-16th century, the electoral process had evolved into its present form, allowing for variation in the time between the death of the pope and the meeting of the cardinal electors.

By December 1979, Muzerowa had replaced Smith as Prime Minister and secured a a fresh agreement with the more militant African factions, allowing Rhodesia to briefly revert to her colonial status pending popular elections.

By allowing the establishment of geological timescales, it provides a significant source of information about the ages of fossils and the deduced rates of evolutionary change.

By 1996, however, the issue had been set aside, with Italy renouncing any revision of the Treaty of Osimo, allowing a significant improvement in relations.

By the 11th century BC, the authority of the New Kingdom dynasties had diminished, allowing divided rule in Egypt, and ending Egyptian control of Kush.

By replacing ten cards with five symbols and using three reels instead of five drums, the complexity of reading a win was considerably reduced, allowing Fey to devise an effective automatic payout mechanism.

By the time Lilian had been graduated from public school, her parents were doing quite well.

By the summer of 1912 Heelis had proposed marriage and Beatrix had accepted, although she did not immediately tell her parents who once again disapproved because Heelis was only a country solicitor.

By 2005, $ 18 million of the donations remained, some of which was earmarked to provide a college education for each of the 219 children who lost one or both parents in the bombing.

By this time it had grown large and plump and usually weighed more than either of its parents.

By producing a " child " solution using the above methods of crossover and mutation, a new solution is created which typically shares many of the characteristics of its " parents ".

By September, he was back in Davenport, where his parents helped him to seek treatment.

By Pieria, Oxylus had two sons: Aetolus, who died before his parents, and Laias, who inherited the kingdom after him.

By midsummer the shopkeeper had gone bankrupt and Carl had to go home to his parents.

By the time he was released, his parents had separated, and he went back to Trenton, living with his mother in a two-room apartment over a store.

By taking a closer look at the nine traits that Thomas and Chess revealed from their study, parents can gain a better understanding of their child ’ s temperament and their own.

By parents having access to this knowledge now helps them to guide their child in ways that respect the child ’ s individual differences.

By 1870, roughly 75 % of the town's population was either foreign-born, or the children of foreign-born parents.

By then, most were discouraged from continuing with school and found jobs to help their parents.

By encouraging belief in a fictional character, parents allow themselves to be comforted that their child still believes in fantasy and is not yet " grown up ".

By early 1909 she had become pregnant with his child, though Trowell's parents disapproved of the relationship, and the two broke up.

By Fury, Darth Caedus is the principal antagonist of the series, and the declared enemy of nearly every other major character: His parents and sister have disowned him, Luke is sworn to redeem him, and Ben is driven to seek justice for his mother.

By four weeks of age, the young can eat the same food — of the same size — as their parents do.

By utilizing their parents ' privileges, they often place themselves above the law and foster the contagion of corruption.

By the age of 20, he had still not entered puberty, and was believed by his parents and doctors to be intersex until his Kallmann diagnosis.

By the time he moved to Sheffield, Dickinson's parents were earning a good living from buying property, refurbishing it and then selling it for a profit.

By the Han Dynasty, she is described in literature with her husband Fu Xi as the first of the San Huang, and often called the " parents of humankind ".

By four years the youngest, and the acknowledged last Royal child, Beatrice was not forced to share her parents ' attention the way her siblings had, and her amusing ways provided comfort to her faltering father.

By the end of the journey, Tubby misses his parents and brings them back presents from his trip, as an apology.

By the time Patrick reached adulthood, both his parents were apparently dead and the family homestead was controlled by his older brother John Kennedy, more than a dozen years Patrick's senior, who was already married and the father of four children.