By allowing a new kind of equality among citizens this opened the way to democracy, which in turn called for a new means, chattel slavery, to at least partially equalise the availability of leisure between rich and poor.

By varying the proportions of copper and zinc, the properties of the brass can be changed, allowing hard and soft brasses.

By the Treaty of Ilbersheim, signed 7 November 1704, Bavaria was placed under Austrian military rule, allowing the Habsburgs to utilise its resources for the rest of the conflict.

By the end of the 19th century the Sherman Act, New Jersey allowing holding companies, and mergers resulted in larger corporations with dispersed shareholders.

By 1970, a calculator could be made using just a few chips of low power consumption, allowing portable models powered from rechargeable batteries.

By allowing it to run to seed and through deliberate cultivation by the town of Dachau the canal is only still recognizable as such between Frühlingstrasse and the Pollnbach.

By allowing parents and students to " vote with their feet ," they incentivize schools to increase accountability and school performance.

By allowing these functions ( and constants ) to be complex numbers, trigonometric functions and their inverses become included in the elementary functions ( see trigonometric functions and complex exponentials ).

By allowing the radix point to be adjustable, floating-point notation allows calculations over a wide range of magnitudes, using a fixed number of digits, while maintaining good precision.

Sudanese surgeon Nahid Toubia — president of RAINBO ( Research, Action and Information Network for the Bodily Integrity of Women ) — told the BBC in 2002 that campaigning against FGM involved trying to change women's consciousness: " By allowing your genitals to be removed is perceived that you are heightened to another level of pure motherhood — a motherhood not tainted by sexuality and that is why the woman gives it away to become the matron, respected by everyone.

By convention, the longest serving state governor holds a dormant commission, allowing an assumption of office to commence whenever a vacancy occurs.

By 1900, Germany's economy matched Britain's, allowing colonial expansion and a naval race.

By May 1914 the Bill had complied with the requirements set down by the Parliament Act 1911, allowing the government to force its enactment over the heads of the unionist-dominated House of Lords.

By increasing this distance, larger tires can be installed, which will increase the ground clearance, allowing it to traverse even larger and more difficult obstacles.

* Passive Method – By allowing past karmas to ripen in due course of time and experiencing the results, both good and bad with equanimity.

By allowing the Hungarians to destroy Europe's only Ukrainian state, Ribbentrop had signified that Germany was not interested ( at least for the moment ) in sponsoring Ukrainian nationalism.

“ By allowing deals with Burma ’ s state-owned oil company, the U. S. looks like it caved to industry pressure and undercut Aung San Suu Kyi and others in Burma who are promoting government accountability ,” HRW ’ s Business and Human Rights Director Arvind Ganesan said.

By not outing gay Bishops who support policies which harm homosexuals, we would be protecting those Bishops and thereby allowing them to continue to inflict suffering on members of our community.

By the mid-16th century, the electoral process had evolved into its present form, allowing for variation in the time between the death of the pope and the meeting of the cardinal electors.

By December 1979, Muzerowa had replaced Smith as Prime Minister and secured a a fresh agreement with the more militant African factions, allowing Rhodesia to briefly revert to her colonial status pending popular elections.

By allowing the establishment of geological timescales, it provides a significant source of information about the ages of fossils and the deduced rates of evolutionary change.

By 1996, however, the issue had been set aside, with Italy renouncing any revision of the Treaty of Osimo, allowing a significant improvement in relations.

By the 11th century BC, the authority of the New Kingdom dynasties had diminished, allowing divided rule in Egypt, and ending Egyptian control of Kush.

By replacing ten cards with five symbols and using three reels instead of five drums, the complexity of reading a win was considerably reduced, allowing Fey to devise an effective automatic payout mechanism.

By the death of his father in 1888 he had come into possession of the family estate and had re-assumed its traditions.

By the conditions accepted in the treaty, the Avars were to take possession of Pannonia and the Lombards were promised military support in Italy should the need arise ; also, for a period of 200 years the Lombards were to maintain the right to reclaim their former territories if the plan to conquer Italy failed, thus leaving Alboin with an alternative open.

By the further appropriation of the Duchy of Jägerndorf, George came into possession of all Upper Silesia.

By decree of Ptolemy III Euergetes, all visitors to the city were required to surrender all books and scrolls, as well as any form of written media in any language in their possession which, according to Galen, were listed under the heading " books of the ships ".

Déjacque wrote that: ‘ By government I understand all delegation, all power outside the people ,’ for which must be substituted, in a process whereby politics is transcended, the ‘ people in direct possession of their sovereignty ,’ or the ‘ organised commune .’ For Déjacque, the communist anarchist utopia would fulfil the function of inciting each proletarian to explore his or her own human potentialities, in addition to correcting the ignorance of the proletarians concerning ‘ social science .’"

By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled into a reasonably permanent border, marked only by relatively minor battles concentrating on the possession of individual fortresses.

By the beginning of 1927 at the very latest, the weapon had wound up in Fred Burke ’ s possession.

By the treaty of 1839, Luxembourg did not fully join Belgium, and remained a possession of the Netherlands until different inheritance laws caused it to separate as an independent Grand Duchy.

By this " diplomatic document " Russia came into possession of that section of Livonia that had remained in Commonwealth control, and of Belarus embracing the counties of Vitebsk, Polotsk and Mstislavl.

By his father's will he got, by way of appanage, the Duchy of Södermanland, which included the provinces of Närke and Värmland ; but he did not come into actual possession of them till after the fall of Eric and the succession to the throne of John in 1568.

By that time, however, Dionysus ' possession is beginning to wear off, and as Cadmus reels from the horror of his grandson's death, Agave slowly realizes what she has done.

By 1340 the O ’ Connor ’ s regained possession of it, and, except for a few brief intermissions, they held it for two centuries until 1569, when Sir Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy seized it.

By 1600, it was in the library of Lord Lumley and by 1621 the manuscript was in the possession of Robert Cotton.

By the mid-14th century, Ickenham was owned by the Shorediche family who retained possession until 1819.

By 1685, the castle passed into the possession of Michael Apafi, the pro-Habsburg Prince of Transylvania.

By rule, it is any act other than passing, kicking or successful handing that results in loss of player possession.

By order of then minister of Justice Chan Santokhi he was deported to the United States of America where he was sentenced to 40 years imprisonment on charges of smuggling large amounts of cocaine into United States of America, witness tampering and illegal possession of firearms.

By 1491 Clanranald were in possession of " nearly the whole of Uist and Benbecula ".

By 1174, a manor house at the location was in the possession of a John of Edlingham.

By unity of possession ; as when the rectory of a parish, and lands in the same parish, both belonged to a religious house, those lands were discharged of tithes by this unity of possession:

By right of Blanche he became king of Navarre, and on her death in 1441 he was left in possession of the kingdom for his lifetime.

By the norms of warfare of the era, the battle was an allied victory, because the French withdrew at the end of the day's fighting, and left Marlborough's army in possession of the battlefield, but with double the casualties.

By the time he arrived, around June 5-9, the Crusaders had been in possession of the city since 3 June.